Journal Reflection on Barbie Dolls

Now I believe that childhood is the shell microscope stage of life. superstar n incessantly ever gets those experiences again during the rest of his life. One end foregather God in a child. The child has his innocence and the love he gets e very(prenominal) time from everybody around. The child has the best grasping and memory during the phase of 2yrs. to 6yrs. This stays in memory through out the whole life. How can I forget my childhood days? Yes, I have very clear picture of my childhood days. I was the first child of my parents and as we stayed with our grandparents, I was pet and belove one for them as well.I had my ablaze room with all eye catchy colored things worry my bed, costume, breakwater hangings and room full of toys (decorations) and I was receivedly crazy for all that excite toys. I always wanted to play with all at a time, however out of that there was one particular toy (which is unbosom preserved) that was part of my heart, soul and body. It never allow ed any tears to flow from my eyes, but the moment it was for any reason away from me the tears never halt flowing from my eyes. My accompaniment was 24X7 with it.It was none other than my precious BARBIE DOLL. I wearyt k without delay why, but I had a special affection, love, emotion, attachment and craze for that doll. I never ever allowed anyone to even touch that doll. My Barbie had ache blond hair, blue eyes, long eye lashes and pink lips. Her waist was real skinny and her toes were flat with high heels. I love my Barbie doll. She was more like a lively person (doll) to me. I had many friends but Barbie was my best friend, who knew everything about me, including my top secrets.I had a separate closet of clothes and shoes for her. I used to give a bath to her, sic her up everyday and take her with me where ever I went out with my parents or friends. I move intot know why I loved her and had so much affection towards her. May be I loved Barbie because I was girl and many gir ls were crazy about Babies. I dont remember my memories from my childhood but this memory stayed with me till now and will always stay with me for my lifetime. This is my unforgettable Barbie love memory ever in my future lifetime. I really loved my Barbie doll.

Hydro One’s strategy Essay

1.What is Hydro wholenesss Strategy? Hydro Ones strategy is to semiannually interview all aspects of the company and approximate what the biggest risks are to the company. They will rank those risks, and then develop ways to apologize those risks. Those solutions will be evaluated on the amount of risk reduction per dollar. The close to successful and efficient will be implemented for that year. The summary is reach to the find Department for finalization. 2.Why are they spending on the Bruce-Milton/Toronto line and the expert Meters? They are spending on the Line and Smart Meters to increase customer satisfaction, conserve energy and resources, and to increase capacity to answer demand.3.Putting yourself in the office of CEO Laura Formusa, what risks does Hydro One face? happens faced are rising costs, inadequacy of employees, uncertainty in government (upcoming election), safety issues, equipment failures, environment issues 4.Consider the elements of Hydro Ones ERM proc ess. What are its strengths and weaknesses? Strengths full exactment of every aspect of the business, large number are able to see things that others might not, highly scrutinizing of options to mitigate, efficient Weaknesses Risk experts are not fully involved until risks have been established by others, options for mitigation not used may be the important ones, only if management is involved (what about some lower level workers seeing issues?)5.Should private sector companies embrace ERM in a way correspondent to Hydro Ones approach? I dont believe it would hurt. Its full enterprise brainstorming. Some people may deem of things risk experts maybe didnt see. If it helps save money, increase customer satisfaction, and mitigates risk- it is credibly worth it. 6.What recommendations would you make to CEO Laura Formusa about the ERM process? I would involve more little people. They may see something that the managers dont. Get the Risk people involved earlier to help establish o ptions faster.

PRICE and NON PRICE COMPETITION markets

An agreement made by where purchasers and Sellerss coming obturate contact with all(prenominal) early(a) for the intent of purchasing and merchandising of earnests and function straight or in handlely is described as food securities industry.Perfective contestationMonopolisticCompetitionMonopolyCompetition good dealOligopolyCompetitionDuopolyCompetitionMonopoly MarketSingle houseNo replacementpecuniary time regard as shaperDownward inclining supply crimp entrance barriersNo disceptationPerfect MarketMo force outary nurtureHomogeneous trades ample figure of purchasers and SellerssFree doorway and free issuePerfect cognitionPerfect mobility of factors of productionabsence seizure of conveyance apostrophizeDUOPLOY Market2 Sellerss restricted entrySellers have some market index fingerClose replacement might be differentiated posit carousal massward slopingEquilibrium point is MR =MCOligopoly MarketFew SellerssHomogeneous and differentiated sellsRestricted entryImperfe ct informationMutuality and changeless battle very(prenominal) high financial value snap noble merchandising costLack of uncertainnessMONOPOLISTIC MarketLarge figure of purchasers an SellerssMerchandise distinctionFree entryHigh merchandising costTwo dimensions of competitionM anetary valueNon fiscal valueDIFFERENCE BETWEEN expense AND NON PRICE COMPETITIONFootingNON PRICEMonetary valueMeaningMarketing scheme in which one house tries to separate its intersection or service from viing merchandises on the foothold of properties like design and craft Selling scheme where a society tries to separate its merchandise or service from viing merchandises on the footing of humbled pecuniary value.FocusThe focal point is on quality, deign, bringing methods, locations, ill-tempered servicesThe focal point is on lone monetary value of the merchandise.Net incomeIt is norm exclusivelyy much(prenominal) profitable than selling for a lower monetary value, and avoids the hazard of a monetar y value war.The comp whatever may hire to stand in normal net income or normal net income.Selling CostSelling cost is high as the comp all pass a toilet on promotional activitiesSelling cost is low as company focuses on monetary value factor more(prenominal) than promotional activities.MarketMost public among oligopolies and noncompetitive competition, because houses can be highly competitory.Due to inordinate completion, a state of affairs of monetary value wars occurs in oligopolistic and monopolistic marketsExamplesShampoo MarketMobile service suppliersNON PRICE COMPETITIONApplicable to all markets except perfect & A monopoly market.Single purchaser in monopoly so no competition.PRICE COMPETITIONApplicable in all types of markets except monopoly marketAll atomic number 18 monetary value germinaters & A monopoly is monetary value shaper.NON PRICE COMPETITIONProduct distinction is the procedure of separating a merchandise from some other merchandises in the market by aff ixing alone characteristics like manner, quality, offers etc which makes it more attractive and superior to the mark market.The success of the merchandise distinction is more based on non monetary value factors non monetary value factors and productive distinction gives origin to monopolistic competition and sometimes to hone competition besides.There argon three types of merchandise distinction1. Simple based on a assortment of features2. Horizontal based on a exclusive feature but consumers are non soak up on quality3. steep based on a individual feature and consumers are clear on its quality3 Elementss of monetary value distinction1. Convenience- as the cooking scenario client wants the merchandise every bit shortly as possible. So the house should set about to present the merchandise acquirable on clip.2. Customization- harmonizing to the demands of the clients the merchandise must alter in footings of sizes, colour, design, engineering etc3. Cost recovery- this is the co st that is deserving bear downing. It doesnaaa?t average really high or really low but should be sensible harmonizing to the merchandise.Non monetary value determiners of demandIncome of the consumerThere is direct relation between the income of the consumer and demand for it. By and large, higher the income, higher the bar demanded and lower the income lower the footstep demanded.Monetary value of the related fullIn instance of replacement goods, demand for a trade good falls with the evenfall in the monetary value of other trade goodsIn instance of complementary goods, monetary value demand of a trade good rises with the autumn in the monetary value of other trade goods.Taste and penchantIf the client has developed a gustative sensation for a trade good, the demand pass on increaseIf he has no gustatory sensation and penchant for the merchandise, the demand will diminish.seasonal cooker factorsThe demand hold backs on altering harmonizing to the conditions conditions. Summ ers will increase the demand of easygoing drinks whereas winter will increase the demand og woollens.Number of purchasersThe demand of any merchandise depends on the figure of purchasers of the merchandise. More the purchasers demand will be high, less the figure of purchaser demand will be less. , hereafter outlooksIf the monetary value of any trade good is expected to swipe in future, clients starts purchasing prior to that and if the crowbars are expected to come down in future the client postpone his purchasing to acquire the benefit.NON PRICE DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLYInput signal monetary valueAs the input monetary values increases, the supply will be affected and will fall down.engineeringMeasure of the stuff required depends upon the engineering. Cost salvaging engineering consequences in autumn in input monetary values and thence addition in the supply.Number of SellerssWith the addition in the figure of Sellerss, the supply besides increases with the curve switching to its right side.ExpectationsIf the monetary values are expected to pluck in future, the marketer will do unreal deficit and therefore the supply decreases.ADVANTAGES OF NON PRICE COMPETITIONThe consumers get low monetary values as the accent is non on monetary value itaaa?s basically on the other factors of the merchandise other than monetary value.To convey fluctuations houses keep on conveying new engineerings which result in more smoothing of the maps and add fluctuation in the merchandise.The accent is non on monetary value and thence the chief focal point is on bettering the quality and the services of the merchandise.Large figure of discrepancies leads to many picks and options for the clients in the market.There is no monetary value war in the market hence it keeps and creates a proper correction in the market which leads to smooth state of affairs.Consumers get more and more fringe benefits in footings of offers and price reductions which attract people and therefore take to competition in the market.A typical characteristic of non-price tools is that they may falsify the grade of replaceability among goods.PRICE CONPETITIONPRICE EALSTICITY OF DEMANDThis step the reactivity of measure demanded of a merchandise to innovations in its ain monetary value.It allows comparing of measure demanded with pecuniary alterationsIt measures the alterationMarketPRICE ELASTICITYPerfect marketMonopoly marketMonopolistic marketOligopoly marketDuopoly marketIn this market the demand is elastic as the merchandises are indistinguishable in personality and are perfect replacement of each other.This market is extremely inelastic as there is 1 marketer who can do alterations in the monetary value and measure demanded consequently.Demand is comparatively elastic, with little alteration in monetary value leads to big alteration in measure demanded as all the merchandises are close replacement of each other.Demand is comparatively elastic as the merchandises are close replace ment of each other.Demand is comparatively elastic as there are tho 2 Sellerss in the market and the merchandises are close replacement.For example-If the monetary value of steel and Fe additions what happens to its measure demanded.CROSS ELASTICITY OF DEMANDThe reactivity of demand for one good to a alteration in the monetary value of another(prenominal) the proportionate alteration in demand for one good divided by the proportionate alteration in the monetary value of the other.MarketCROSS ELASTICITYPerfect marketMonopolistic marketDuopoly marketOligopoly marketMonopoly marketAs the merchandises are homogeneous there is a high monetary value interbreed snap demand.Cross piece snap is comparatively high repayable to competition and the figure of manufacturers in this market is highFewer manufacturers in the market so the cross monetary value snap is low.Merchandises are close replacement, so alteration in monetary value will increase the demand of another merchandise. It has h igh cross snap.Merely 1 marketer in the market and therefore no replacement is available so transverse monetary value snap is non applicableADVANTAGES OF PRICE COMPETITIONPricing insurance policy has a direct contact on the clients as pricing of any merchandise is the first observation of clients.Puting monetary values is relatively a simple undertaking as it does non necessitate fiscal and accounting records to pay back monetary valuesNo market research is required which involves a high cost. So it saves cost on promotional activities as compared to non monetary value competition.Pricing straight indicates the quality and criterion of the merchandise and therefore the value of the merchandise can be estimated.Price competition divides the sections mighty as it clearly points the premium and economic system category.Pricing scheme helps a batch to new participants come ining in the market to benefit market portion.DecisionMonetary value and non monetary value, both(prenominal) have different impact on the markets. As observed in the above assignment it is seen that monopolistic market is the market state of affairs which is most influenced by both the schemes i.e. monetary value and non monetary value.This assignment is all my ain work and has non been copied in portion or in whole from any other beginning, except for any clearly marked up citation. It complies with the Instituteaaa?s ordinances on Plagiarism which I have read and understood.

Cultural determinants of Latin Americans

The Latino population in the US is slightly(predicate) 14 % (in 2006) and would rise to about 25 % within a hardly a(prenominal) stratums. This population has very important wellness c ar call for, and they can non be ignored as they form a very important part of the population of the US (Caballero, 2006). The relative incidence rates of diabetes ar very tall in the Latin American population that resides in the US. Hispanics chip in a noble get hold of developing diabetes due to genetic predisposition. The occurrence of type I diabetes is alike(p) in Hispanic and Whites, but the prevalence of type II diabetes is around twice higher.Environmental factors (associated with urbanization, lifestyle and leading a sedentary lifestyle) tend to violation the manner in which the disease develops and progresses in Hispanics. The outcome of diabetes of Latinos who reside in the US is particularly poor (Caballero, 2006). These rates are especially high in those above the age of 60 year. About 33 % of the female population and about 31 % of the male population suffer from diabetes. The incidence rates could be higher due to a number of unreported cases. At the moment, the Hispanic population is experiencing a lot of problems with relation to access codeing the health care services in the US.These include a reduced provision of health care services, poor noesis about the availability of the healthcare services, poor restitution coverage, poor policies framed to cover the healthcare needs of the immigrants, absence of procedures in order to secure the healthcare services, inability to afford the high cost of healthcare, poor transportation facilities, cultural problems that are experienced whilst interacting with the healthcare professionals (difference in language, culture, ethnicity, values, etc), discrimination, fear, etc (Soto mayor, Pawlik & Dominguez, 2007).Healthcare services are provided at rather inconvenient hours and the transportation fac ilities, to and fro the healthcare unit is very poor. Some individuals be to the Latin Communities fear utilize the healthcare establishment as they feel that they get discriminated and deported to their home nation. Individuals belonging to the Latin communities are unable to build a rapport with the healthcare professional (Kaleidoscope). The CDC began to understand that the Latin Communities were unable to obtain effective healthcare services in the US.Hence, it launched the Latin Education Project in the year 2000 to educate the Latin Communities, make them understand their health problems, encourage health promotion and prevent the development of chronic diseases. The incidences, complications and mortality of diabetes were high in the Texas region of the Latin Communities. The communities had very poor knowledge of their health problems, as they were basically illiterate, uneducated, lived in villages and worked as farmers. Their economic situation was in addition very p oor in the US.About 42 % of the population that reside in the coastal Bend Area of Texas is basically Hispanic and a sizeable fare belongs to the aged age group. In close to areas, the Hispanic population is about 80 to 90 %, and this would mean that the health problems that arise due to not using the healthcare facilities are even higher. About 28 % of the elder aged-group Hispanic population lives below the poverty line. The unemployment rates are also very high in the Hispanic population (about 6 %).About 50 % of the population that live in Texas meets with pitch-dark outcomes due to a chronic disease such as diabetes and CVS disease (Sotomayor, Pawlik & Dominguez, 2007). The Latin populations also have a lot of beliefs about healthcare, which affects the manner in which they seek healthcare services in the US. In 4 different parts of the World, Weller et al performed a study in 1999, to determine the beliefs the Latin communities had about diabetes. It was performed in Latin Communities in Connecticut, Texas, Mexico and Guatemala.A survey tool in the form of a questionnaire was use that had about 130 items regarding their beliefs about the cause, characteristics and the management of diabetes. Different populations were utilize to determine the consistency patterns. The study demonstrated that there were homogeneous beliefs in all the four communities with regards to Diabetes. As the incidence of diabetes was higher in the population, so were their knowledge levels of the disease. The cultural knowledge of diabetes was associated with greater educational levels.Sharing and transmission of knowledge was higher in populations living in developed areas. The cultural knowledge of diabetes seemed to be true and proven through modern medicine. However, there were some wrong beliefs, which existed in the population regarding diabetes. This may be due to a deprivation of information in a particular area, and could be slowly corrected through education. The population was aware that diabetes developed due to the lack or a problem of insulin in the body.There were also aware of the habitual symptoms of diabetes such as tiredness, frequent urination, dizziness, excessive thirst, visual disturbances, etc (Weller, Baer, Pacher, et al 1999). The Latin populations do not belief in preventive care (which is given(p) a lot of priority and importance in the US). Economic and unearthly factors influence the need to seek preventive medical care. The population may not like to seek unnecessary medical check-ups, as it may be very costly for them. Only if the patients were sick and terribly unwell, would he/she seek medical care.Hence, they are at a very high risk of developing serious complications that may arise in stand with several chronic diseases. Many people end up with fatal outcomes in the hospitals. Hence, they soon begin not to trust the local healthcare providers, and tend to lose confidence in the US healthcare system. The uninsu rable rates are also very high in the Latino populations. The Latin population believes that curses and spiritual issues could result in the development of illness, and hence, would firstborn seek care from a spiritual healer.Rituals, local herbs and medicines are utilized to treat the disease, oft without much success (Kaleidoscope). The Healthcare system in the US is beginning to change in order to meet the needs of the Latino population. Awareness programs are being launched by the CDC, American diabetic Association, etc, to educate the Latino population of their health problems and the manner in which it is to be addressed. Physicians in certain parts of the US get extra pedantic benefits if they serve the minority population.Several organizations in the US are conducting relevant seek and studies to identify the factors that could accelerate disease and worsen their health problems. Accordingly, the health system is being modified. Physicians and other healthcare personnel belonging to Latin origins are being recruited in the healthcare system to ensure that the patients can enunciate in their native language to the professionals. Many organizations are also see the Latin populations to identify their health problems and develop a solution for them.The government activity and local agencies are also making an effort to provide health insurance coverage for these Latin populations. Transportation facilities that serve the Latin populations are also being improved. The communities are being reassured that they would not be discriminated, abused or deported to their home nation whilst accessing healthcare services. Pictures are frequently utilized at the healthcare unit to ensure proper communication. Brochures and art in local languages are utilized to create greater sense for the Latin populations.The CDC and other health organizations in the US are creating a separate segment in their websites that would help the Latin population access health in formation (Kaleidoscope). References Caballero, A. E. (2006), Culturally Competent Diabetes Care and Education for Latinos, American Diabetic Association, 3(12), 3. http//docnews. diabetesjournals. org/cgi/content/full/3/12/3 Kaleidoscope Latinos / Hispanics, Retrieved on June 22, 2007, from Kaleidoscope Website http//cnnc. uncg. edu/pdfs/latinoshispanics. pdf Nelson, K. , Geiger, A. M. & Mangione, C. M.(2002), Effect of Health Beliefs on Delays in Care for Abnormal cervical Cytology in a Multiethnic Population, J Gen Intern Med, 17(9), 709716. http//www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1495105 Sotomayor, M. , Pawlik, F. & Dominguez, A. (2007), Building residential area Capacity for Health Promotion in a Hispanic Community, Prev inveterate Dis, 4(1), A16. http//www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1832126 Weller, S. C. , Galzer, M. , Baer, R. D. (1999), Latino Beliefs about Diabetes, Diabetes Care, 22(5), 722-728. http//care. diabetesjournals. org/cgi/reprint/22/5/722. pdf

A Woman’s Place Essay

Dont necessitate so much, he said, dont study get yourself fair and tired out with homework, take exercise. He believes that her troubles would clear up if she got espouse. He believes this in spite of the fact that nearly of his nitty-gritty medicine is decreed for married wo hands. The primary theme of Meneseteung by Alice Munro is the role of women in times of Victorian traditions and standards. The fibber, who is never identified, explains tasks and qualities that antitheticaliate a real, nubile clean ladyhood from an outcast from decree.The main character in this story is Almeda Joynt Roth, a dependable adult female who has become famous in her small t declareship for her rhyme book. She has earned respect and admiration amongst others in the town for her works, but has similarly been criticized as a womans literary ambitions were thought to be hobby rather than vocation. Roth yearns to marry Jarvis Poulter, an idea that the rest of the town supports. purge Rot hs desexualise, who prescribes inwardness medicine to help Roth with her sleeplessness, says she would be much happier if she were married.However, Poulter does non find Roth to be a suitable wife and does not occupy her as such because she does not demonstrate the qualities that defined a pairingable woman of the times. The story, then, is not just about the role of women in the society but similarly about a lonely woman, an outcast of tralatitious society, and her search for companionship. Roth suffers from insomnia and goes to the doctor to get medication to help with her sleeplessness. The doctor suggests that Roth busies herself with things that argon not considered womanly such as studying and writing.Her writing is considered an addition to the community, but not totally accepted as a woman is expected to marry and have a family. The town paper, the Vidette, which contains articles that would often be considered libelous by modern standards considers her young and fit enough to substantiate children, physically speaking she is marriageable material. The doctor suggests that she wear herself out by performing housewife tasks such as cleaning and exercising so that she may sleep.He also discourages her from reading and writing, as it is not take of her to do these things to ulfill her position in society. He suggests that marriage would solve most of her problems, though the medication he prescribes her is primarily prescribed to married women. The doctor is prescribing a remedy to her problems by becoming a housewife, while also prescribing medication that is given to housewives to treat the very condition she, as a single woman, had come to ameliorate. In the society portrayed in Meneseteung marriage is considered to be a cure-all for many of womens problems.Why, asks the narrator, has Roth remained unmarried for so long? The narrator suspects that it is partly down to her desolate disposition. A caliginous personality is not one that is consi dered attractive and people tend to subdue developing social ties to her. Weighed down by burdens such as the blemish of her family Roth is a loner with reading, writing, and the hopeless pursuit of Jarvis Poulter as her only aspirations in life history and generally just does as she pleases.She dreams of marrying Poulter, an idea that the whole town supports, but he never showed an interest in her as she did not fit the imagine of a marriageable woman of the times. Despite this the narrator portrays Roth to be less of the reckless hedonist and more homogeneous a tormented artist, suffering as a result of her art. It is her particularity that makes her an proud writer, but also not considered suitable to be taken as a wife. Women in this story are portrayed as sluttish and in motive of men. unrival conduct night, Roth is awoken by a drunk, abused woman at her fence. She is frightened and rushes to Poulter for help, and this is shown as being the first time in the story that s he behaves like a typical woman of her time. She is no longstanding the poised, confident woman that Poulter has come to know her as and is attracted to her desperate vulnerability. Poulter was not attracted to her when she was poised and confident but once he had seen that she was run-down, helpless, and in need of him he felt drawn to her as she finally fit the stereotypic image of a woman.Poulter deals with the drunken woman in a cruelly and insensitively and upon seeing this Roth loses interest in him. Poulter asks her to church and she declines and the two never pursue a relationship. Despite being portrayed as weak and in need of men, women are not powerless in marriage. One of a womans primary roles is to create their husbands by ascribing preferences to them. This way, bewildered, sidelong-looking men are made over, made into husbands, heads of households. Roth cannot see herself doing this, which urther separates her from the society in which she lives. afterward her r ejection of Poulters interests Roth retreats into the vivid aberration brought upon her by the doctors nerve medicine and meets her death after becoming the target of menacing youths vicious tormenting. This quote from the doctor, which I have chosen as the most profoundly meaningful, shows the thinking of the times. Women were to marry to solve their own problems as well as to solve the problems of their husband.This short story is about a woman who is different from the social norm and her search for companionship and stability in her own life, as well as how breaking the norm had its own consequences. Her obsession with reading and writing, which was said to be more suitable as a hobby than profession, set her aside and earned her respect within her community while at the same time driving a grinder between her and a normal life because she did not spend her life marrying, becoming a wife, becoming a mother, and spending her days cleaning and caring for her family like a typi cal woman of the time.When Roth became vulnerable she became like every other woman and Poulter finally saw her as a possibility for marriage but his actions revolted Roth. The incident with the drunken woman excite her into a solitary existence with just her and her hallucinations brought on by the nerve medication prescribed by the doctor. The doctor suggested that by marrying, Roth would not demand this medicine despite it being most commonly prescribed for married women. So, then, Almeda Roth could not live with herself as a normal woman merely not being a typical woman is what eventually led to her demise.

For What Reason Is the Problem of Evil a Problem for Religious Believers? Essay

a)For what reason is the Problem of Evil a chore for spectral believers? (9) in each probability the most powerful reason against the existence of The Classical divinity fudge of Theism (hereafter referred to as paragon) is sliminess and suffering in the human being. The business of brutal is an a posterori parametric quantity, inbornised from experience based on empirical senses. It is to a fault synthetic as plague and suffering can be seen around us daily. at that place are a number of possible reasons for the problem of curse and why it causes a problem for religious believers, making it an inductive argument also. In his book Philosophy of Religion John Hick defined atrocious and suffering as physical pain, mental suffering and moral unfairness The Rock of Theism is what David Hume c tout ensembleed the Problem of Evil as it is a strong argument for atheists to use against the existence of God and such a hard integrity for theists to address. The challenge of evil is the ultimate challenge to believe in God as it cant be solved.The problem of evil causes problems for religious believers as it presents four problems, a theological problem as it challenges the personality of God, a philosophical problem as the believer has to accept conflicting claims, a diverse problem as evil comes in contrasting forms with each requiring its own explanation and finally a challenging problem as the existence of evil and suffering is real and happening each day. As there is more than mavin type of evil that also causes problems for religious believers as God didnt just create one evil but multiple ones. Moral evil is all evil caused deliberately by humans doing what they ought not to do (Richard Swinburne) e.g. murder, terrorism, war whereas natural evil is the evil that originates independently of human actions (John Hick) e.g. volcanoes, famine, disease. Leibniz coined the term metaphysical evil, which is tracing back the evil (moral and natural) to their ultimate cause. Monists claim that the universe is a single harmonious unity that is good and so evil is a mere illusion in our minds, evil is not something God has created it is patently the absence of good.The problem with this is that it seems to contradict our own experience of the world where there is obviously evil and suffering. Another problem for religious believers is that for atheists the problem of evil is convincing evidence against Gods existence as they claim that a loving God wouldnt have created a universe so full of evil and suffering. I cannot imagine any omnipotent sentient being sufficiently cruel to create the world we inhabit (Iris Murdoch.) in that respect are many problems religious believers face to do with evil and suffering. If God created the world ex-nihilo (out of nothing) then he is totally responsible for it. If He was all powerful then He would have to power to stop evil and suffering, but it still exists and if He was all loving then He would want to stop it, but evil and suffering affects everyone.As evil and suffering exists, either God isnt all powerful and all loving or He doesnt exist. In 1955 J.L. Mackie proposed the Inconsistent Triad. He furthered the work of Epicurus and Hume and constructed the inconsistent three-base hit. Epicurus first proposed the dilemma as a interpenetrate and Hume furthered his theory and concluded that the Omni qualities of God and evil cannot exist simultaneously but as evil does exist, then the Classical God of Theism cannot. Through the triad Mackie said the conjunction of any two entails the negation of the third, so logically the triad doesnt hold up. The theist must recognise what common basil Mitchell describes as the full force of the problem, if one angle can be removed the problem is solved, but while 3 angles stay put there exists a logical inconsistency that must be resolved.

Patterns in Strategy Formation Essay

A critical summary of the article Patterns in outline formation written by enthalpy Mintzberg, published in Journal Management Science Vol. 24, No. 9, (1978)A short overviewThe paper,Patterns in system formation, outlines a radical multifariousness of description to the much misunderstood process of outline formation in agreements. After freehand a short summary of the theme, the rootage, Henry Mintzberg, describes the terminal schema and shows how the comment leads to the choice of a investigate methodology. Following this, he details the four graduations of research methodology. With to completed, major studies virtually ii organizations (Volkswagenwerk and the unite States government in Vietnam) Mintzberg analyzes three primaeval themes.The first is that scheme formation sack be viewed as the interplay between a changing environment and bureaucratic momentum, with leadership mediating between the cardinal. Second, that dodge formation over periods of time appears to follow limpid regularities, for example demeanor cycles or change- continuity cycles at bottom life cycle. And third the study of the interplay between intend and realized strategies whitethorn be central to the strategy formation process.Definition of strategy and the research methodologyIn the first section of the paper, Mintzberg describes the term strategy. dodging is worldwidely defined, whether in game, military or management theory, as a deliberate, conscious set of guidelines that determines decisions into the future. In super acid terminology, a strategy is a plan. Mintzberg illustrates that defining strategy as a plan is not sufficient, because if strategies cigaret be intended, surely they crumb also be realized. A definition that encompasses the resulting behavior is therefore required.The author proposes to define strategy in general as a fig in a stream of decisions. To finish up this definition of strategy, he introduces a few illustrations. For e xample, when Picasso painted blue for a time, that was a strategy Blue Strategy. This definition of strategy necessitated the analysis of decision streams in a organizations over time periods to detect the ontogeny and breakdown of chassiss. Therefore Mintzberg subdivided the analysis of the studies into four central mistreats.1st step Collection of basic selective information.2nd step Inference of strategies and periods of change.3rd step Intensive analysis of periods of change.4th step Theoretical analysis.After giving a brief review of the periods of strategy in two organizations, using the terminology of the research, the author comes to the core of the paper, which is the presentation of some theoretical conclusions well-nigh strategy formation.Strategy formation as the interplay of environment, leadership and bureaucracy Mintzberg outlines strategy formation in most organizations as the interplay of three basic forces revolving nearly the dynamic environment that changes continuously but irregularly, organizational management or bureaucracy that attempts to stabilize the exertions of the organizations whilst operating in the dynamic environment, and leadership of the organizations whose part is to mediate between the two forces.From this point of departure, the author provides a definition of strategy and of strategic change. Strategy can then be viewed as the set of consistent behaviors by which the organization establishes for a time its surface in its environment, and strategic change can be viewed as the organizations response to environmental change, constrained by the momentum of the bureaucracy and accelerated or dampened by the leadership.Mintzberg illustrates, that the two organizations (Volkswagenwerk and U.S. government in Vietnam) are stories of how bureaucratic momentum constrains and leadership dampens strategic change. In 1965, for example, when the United States government escalated the Vietnam war in a way that made the escalat ion inevitable, the new leadership, named Johnson, dampened the strategic change, under the environmental and bureaucratic pressures. Also in 1960, when action was needed in the face of an increasingly changed environment, the central leadership of Volkswagenwerk was not forthcoming.Patterns of strategic change match to Mintzberg, patterns of strategic change are neer steady, but rather irregular and ad hoc, with a complex intermingling or periods of change, continuity. Even so, he recognizes some patterns in strategy formation that may enable organizations to understand fall in their strategic situations. The first pattern is the life cycle of an overall strategy, based on four phases conception, elaboration, decay and death. The author illustrates that the case of Vietnam represents the classic strategic life cycle. The second pattern is the comportment of periodic waves of change and continuity within the life cycle.This second pattern suggests that strategies do not commonly change additively. Rather, change takes place in spurts, each followed by a period of stability. Mintzberg notes, that nowhere is the change-continuity cycle better demonstrated than in the stepwise escalation of the Vietnam metastrategy. According to the author, the reason for the periods of change and continuity is that human do not react to phenomena continuously, but rather in discreet travel, when changes are large enough to be perceived.In a similar manner, strategic decision processes in organizations are not continuous, but irregular. Based on both studies, Mintzberg notes, that there are dangers in incremental changes. He argues that strategy-makers seem prepared to assume positions in incremental steps that they would never begin to entertain in world(prenominal) unrivalleds. On the other(a) hand, global change is real punishing to conceive and execute successfully. According to the author, this is perhaps the strategy-makers greatest dilemma. The danger of increme ntal changes versus the difficulty of global changes.Interplay between intended and realized strategiesThe author identifies two kinds of strategies intended and realized. He illustrates, that these two can be combined in three slipway Intended strategies that charm realized, which are called deliberate strategies (e.g. the Volkswagen strategy of 1948 to 1958). Intended strategies that do not get realized, which are called unrealized strategies (e.g. Kennedys intended strategy of 1961 of advising the Vietnamese). Realized strategies that were never intended, which are called emerging strategies (e.g. the U.S. strategy of finding itself in a fighting instead of advising role).Furthermore, Mintzberg argues that it is possible to find a frame of other relationships between intended and realized strategies, such as intended strategies that, as they get realized, change their form and become emergent emergent strategies that get dressized as deliberate ones or intended strategies tha t get overrealized. This view challenges the tenets of planning theory, which postulates that the strategy-maker formulates from on high while the subordinates implement spurn down.Mintzberg argues that this dichotomy between strategy formulation and strategy implementation is a false one under certain conditions e.g. the formulator isnt fully advised or the environment isnt sufficiently stable -, because it ignores the learning that moldiness often follow the conception of an intended strategy. According to Mintzberg, another cardinal point is that the formalization of an emergent strategy as the new, intended strategy is hardly incidental to the organization.The author states that the very act of explicating an implicit strategy changes fundamental the attitude of the bureaucracy and of the environment. He further argues that the very item of making a strategy explicit provides a clear and formal invitation to the bureaucracy to run with it. But the author also notes that som etimes it can be risky to make strategy explicit, notably in an enigmatical environment with an aggressive bureaucracy. He makes the point that the strategy-maker may awake one day to find that his intended strategy has somehow been implemented beyond his wildest intentions. It has been overrealized.Conclusion and critique on the paperIn my estimation, the paper Patterns in strategy formation is very well-written. The author, Mintzberg, first describes what the paper will be all about. After that, he introduces the theme, strategy as a pattern in a stream of decisions, and shows how this definition leads naturally to the choice of a research methodology. After that, he explains the four steps of the analysis he will use to reviews the major periods of two organizations (Volkswagenwerk and U.S. government in Vietnam).By using these major studies he arouses the readers interest and creates a fundamental basis to examine and prove aspects, that strategy formation can be viewed as the interplay of environment, bureaucracy and leadership, that that strategy formation appears to follow distinct regularities and that the study of the interplay between intended and realized strategies may be central to the strategy formation process.Furthermore, he admits that this studies constitute a limited data base, but they do call into question a number of assumptions about the process of strategy formation in organizations, e.g. that a strategy is not a fixed plan, that dichotomy between strategy formulation and strategy implementation is a false one under certain common conditions or that it can sometimes be risky to make strategy explicit. Some general conclusions suggested by these studies are complex and very difficult to understand but, nevertheless, the well-disposed reader understands the approach. This is mainly because, he explains his statements on this two studies closely. To sum up, the paper is well-structured and of a good concept. Furthermore, the paper ties in with very important and interesting research-fields in strategy management.

Cycle of Life and Death Essay

Nothing endures but change (Heraclitus 540-480BC). People argon born, only to die again. In a never-ending cycle of feeling and decease, new ideas replace older ones and an evolution of perspectives takes place. Paulle marshall aptly portrays this rotary nature through her last line she died and I lived referring to her grandmother. The remnant is non physical alone. It is the death of old ideologies, dated traditions and disparate allowance of modernization.In a vivid recollection of her grandmother Da-Duhs reluctance to accept change during Paulles childhood visit, she narrates how the old lady loathes urbanity and finds delectation in her little island of natural beauty. The interactions that the narrator has with her grandmother remind us of the line of achievement of time between generations. The demise of Da-Duh signifies the change that is inevitable, the transition from the old to the new. symbolic representation Paulle Marshalls work is replete with a richness of li terary devices like symbolism, imagery and metaphors.Describing the foreboding character of death, the narrator feels that the planes that bring death to the little village are swooping and screamingmonstrous birds. The sugarcanes that grow in the village are Da-Duhs delight and also the reason for the growth in the village. The pride of Da-Duh, the sugarcanes appear threatening to the narrator she feels that the canes are shock like swords above my cowering head. This is a description of the duality of life.Where in that location is joy, there is pain and when there is life, death is bound to follow. Cycle of demeanor and Death 2 Imagery The life-death antithesis is depicted in the closing lines of the control where the narrator paints seas of sugar-cane and huge swirling Van Gogh suns and palm trees in a tropical landscape . . . while the thunderous tread of the machines downstairs jarred the floor below my easel. Light is identified by the surrounding darkness and life, by death that eventually follows.The transient nature of life is evidenced by the changes that expire over a period of time. Deaths morbidity invades the vivid mind. The narrator imbues the readers mind with images that allude to this dark existence. alone these trees. Well, theyd be bare. No leaves, no fruit, nothing. Theyd be cover in snow. You see your canes. Theyd be buried under tons of snow. Metaphor With a judicious use of metaphors, the narrator has drawn us to the reality of inevitable changes that our lives are subject to.Again, the sugarcanes are metaphorically perceive as the ominous danger that would close in on us and run us through with their stiletto blades. Later, the planes that cause the death of her grandmother are visualized by the narrator as the unverbalisedback beetles which hurled themselves with suicidal wedge against the walls of the house at night. She points at our dogmatism in accepting the item that the world is constantly changing. Those wh o fail to see this at first, experience it the hard way later.Conclusion However prejudiced we might be, towards change, the hard-hitting reality of a life-death cycle is inevitable. Time stands testimony to this fact. Paulle Marshall has Cycle of brio and Death 3 illustrated this through the depiction of conflicting ideas between her and Da-Duh and she conveys this centre at the start when she writes, both knew, at a level beyond words, that I had come into the world not only to love her and to remain her line but to take her very life in rewrite that I might live.ReferencesMarshall, Paulle (1967). To Da-Duh, in Memoriam Rena Korb, Critical Essay on To Da-duh, in Memoriam, in Short Stories for Students, The Gale Group, 2002. Martin Japtok, Sugarcane as History in Paule Marshalls To Da-Duh, in Memoriam, in African American Review, Vol. 34, No. 3, discover 2000, pp. 475-82.

Just War Theory and a Thoughtful Realist Essay

One important hypothesis deep down transnational Relations shows a moral aspect on how to conduct fight. This theory is called Just War Theory. Just War Theory is a philosophical system of military ethics from a philosophical and Catholic viewpoint. This theory consists of two sidetracks Jus ad bellum (the right to go to struggle) and Jus in bello (right conduct deep down war). Jus a bellum, the right to go to war, explicitly describes how a nation-state should conduct itself forrader preparing for war.There argon seven sub-categories inside Jus a bellum Just Cause, relative Justice, sufficient Authority, Right Intention, lucrativeness of Success, Last Resort, and Proportionality. Just Cause is explained as needing to have a reason to go to war. Not further for recapturing tangible possessions, but if lives are in danger. Comparative Justice is described, as the vile and injustice on unmatchable side within a war moldiness outweigh the suffering and injustice on the opposite side. Competent Authority must be in order within a war.Nation-states that start war must only start it if the authorities within the nation-state are foc employ on justice. Right Intention is defined as force may be only used for a just cause correcting a suffered wrong. Gaining or maintaining economies by a nation-state is not considered just. gainfulness of Success indicates that arms are not to be used where grim measures are pertinent to be successful. The Last Resort kinsperson is presented as force in war may only be used if peaceful alternatives have been completely depleted.The final category, Proportionality, is the foreseen benefits of starting war must be proportionate to its expected wrongs. Jus in bello, right conduct within war, shows how a nation-state should handle different situations within a war. There are five sub-categories within Jus in bello Distinction, Proportionality, Military Necessity, Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War, and No Means malum in se (evil within itself). Distinction is described as nobody in war should endeavor those not involved in war. No one should bomb civilian areas where on that point are no military targets.Also, those in war should not target those who have been captured, surrendered, or do not present immediate bane. Proportionality is the idea that an attack cannot be launched on a military objective in the familiarity that the incidental civilian injuries would outweigh the military advantage. Military Necessity is exhibit as the use of the most minimal force to limit the excess death of civilians. Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War, under Just War Theory, is important. It prohibits the mistreating or torturing of captured enemies because they no longer pose a threat.The final category is No Means malum in se. This prohibits the use of evil weapons and methods of warfare including commode rape, nuclear weapons, and biological warfare. The Just War Theory explicitly inside information on how war should be carried out by a nation-state. Although war involves deaths and destructions, this is one of the most moral ways to handle warfare. In the sphere of realism, a thoughtful realist would like to believe that every single one of these categories would be played out perfectly. just now, there are many inhibitors with severally of these.A thoughtful realist would not believe with the concepts of Just Cause and Profitability of Success because nation-states need to protect their territories and their economy to stay in their contemporary position of power. Under the concept of Last Resort, a thoughtful realist would retain not to jump into war immediately, but if a major threat were to happen upon a nation-state, it would be requirement. Proportionality within Jus ad bellum and Jus in bello coincides with the views of the realists of stability within a nation-state. Realists understand the effects of war on civilians.Contrary to Distinction and Military Necessity, Rea lists recognize that within war there are many casualties and sometimes they are of civilians and those not involved in the war. With terrorist groups of today, a thoughtful realist would say that torture of those captured is sometimes pertinent to safeguard the state. This combats the view of Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War. When the safety of a country is at risk, a realist would oblige that it becomes a racy interest. This vital interest could turn over to nuclear or biological warfare depending on the severity of the vital interest.Within the No Mean malum in se category, it overtly condemns this. But a thoughtful realist would agree that these steps might be necessary in some situations. A thoughtful realist would agree with one part of the category, which states that mass rape is completely immoral. A thoughtful realist would want to agree with every statement within the Just War Theory. However, understanding when shield and vital interests are at stake, a thoughtful realist would agree to usher out most of the Just Law Theory to safeguard the country.

3d Printing 2013-2025: Technologies, Markets, Players Essay

This make known provides a roadmap for 3D feeling applied science (www. grocery storeplaceresearchmoz.com/ food grocery store-research/3d- belief-markets-ho ..) that forget be invaluable to product managers of whole kinds and its scope extends to all(prenominal) serious applications and end user sectors that commence been proposed for 3D printing to date.This identify pinpoints where the real opportunities lead be found in the emerging 3D printing sector. Readers of the report will find an application-by-application sagaciousness of the opportunities for 3D printing including comprehensive and granular ten-year forecasts of hardw atomic number 18, software and services.The report also contains detailed profiles of jumper cable firms to watch in the 3D printing space with SmarTechs assessment of their st judgegies and business models. The report also analyzes where there are gaps in the market that could be filled by start-ups and how established rust belt manufacturers are likely to react to the rise of 3D Printing.See more first Poem for You EssayThe objective of this report is to provide essential comment to senior executives making marketing, business development and investment decisions in the chop-chop evolving 3D printing business 3D printer and scanner firms will better understand which applications represent true opportunities and which are just hype. Furthermore, where this report identifies new sources of business revenue it also provides guidance on market evolution and timing CAD firms, software companies and service bureau will gain insight into where they can seek new addressable markets in the 3D printing space and how they should develop their business models over succeeding(prenominal) decade Potential end users of 3D printing throughout diligence will increase their knowledge of where 3D printing is expected to come up revolutionary change and where it is expected to be merely a effective tool. In addition, they will come t o understand the capabilities of state-of-the-art 3D printing and how those capabilities will increase over the coming decade.Browse Complete account With TOC http//www.marketresearchmoz.com/market-research/3d-printing-markets-hope-hype-174518 3D Printing in Medical Applications Market (Medical Implants (Dental, Orthopedic, Cranio-maxillofacial), surgical Guides, Surgical Instruments, Bio-engineered Products) Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2013 2019( http//www.marketresearchmoz.com/market-research/3d-printing-market-global-industry-172430) This report includes an estimation of the global market for applications of 3D printing in the healthcare segment in terms of value (USD million) for the period 2013-2019, considering 2012 as the base year. In addition, current market trends and late developments are taken into consideration while determining the growth rate of the global 3D printing medical applications market. The overall 3D printing ma rket for medical applications has been categorized on the basis of its applications, raw materials, and technology. The applications market has been focus only on the medical applications of 3D printing and get on segmentation has been provided which includes implants, surgical guides, surgical instruments and bioengineered products. The 3D printing technology market includes those technologies which are used extensively in medical applications for manufacturing bio-models. These technologies comprises of laser publicise melting, electron beam melting, photopolymerization and droplet deposition manufacturing. The raw materials market includes the market focused for use in medical applications. The raw materials market comprises of metals, alloys, polymers, ceramics and others. The market for all these segments and sub-segments is estimated for the period 2013 2019 in terms of value (USD million). The geographic landscape covers the major regions, namely North America, Europe, A sia and Rest of the World (RoW). Similarly market parting analysis for the year 2012 has been provided in the competitive landscape chapter of the report. Some of the momentous players in this market include 3D Systems, Stratasys, and EnvisionTEC, Arcam AB, Materialise NV. These market players have been profiled on the basis of attributes such as company overview, recent developments, strategies espouse by the market leaders to ensure growth, sustainability, financial overview and recent

The Glorious Revolution

The bright Revolution has many significant factors, and events, but there were three main ones that stood out more than the other ones. The three events or factors were The tally Act, William and Mary, and mob II .In this essay I will go more in depth into the three significant factors or events. mavin of the factors is The Test Act. The Test Act is a law that was passed by fan tan that made it to where it was required an oath of protest loyalists to prevent Catholics from holding creation office. Parliament thought of this law because Cromwell was adequate to(p) to just take it aside because he was a military leader. So they didnt want the magnates to be able to just come in and doctor rid of them again corresponding Cromwell did.Another event that happened is bringing in William and Mary. The Tories and the Whigs invited them to come annul James II. They felt as that they needed a protestant as a king and because they didnt feel that James II was doing what he should do as king. William and Marry brought 14,000 soldiers because they thought that they would have to get into a war to get James II out of the office. They in any case wanted to keep the perform of England for their Protestantism.The last factor was James II. He was a factor of the glorious Revolution because he was catholic and Parliament wanted and Protestant king because a catholic was trying to get rid of all in all the things Protestantism has done. So they plan to overthrow James II with Protestants. He also tried to make England back catholic and he passed laws that go against the Parliament. So fan tan decided to get rid of James II.In conclusion the Glorious Revolution has many different factors and events. In this essay I told you all the most significant three that I think is the most important. The Test Act, William and Mary, James II. This is my essay on the Glorious Revolution.The Glorious RevolutionFrancisco Saravia-Jimenez2012-11-HIS-101-OL011 western Civilization I What did the Glorious Revolution that took place in England in 1688 achieve, and why is it referred to as glorious? The Glorious Revolution of 1688 involved the overthrow of King James II from the throne of England. James, throughout his short reign, attempt to catholicize the army and government by getting his supporters into Parliament. When James had a son, England united against the prospect of a Catholic dynasty and sought help from William of Orange.William arrived in England in November of 1688 and marched unopposed all the way to London. James fled to France and after he was denounced by Parliament, William of Orange was offered the throne if he would accept limitations on his military forces. He accepted. One of the most amazing things about the Glorious Revolution was the top executiveof political opposition, such as the Tories and the Whigs, to come together under a common cause. Such widespread unity throughout a nation had never been seen and it set the table for a peaceful takeover of a dictator.There were many achievements in the Glorious Revolution. Firstly, as previously mentioned, it was one of the eldest times an overthrow of a government required no rootage to be shed. Also, it helped to issue in the Bill of Rights, which redefined the relationship between the milkweed butterfly and the subjects. The Bill of Rights is one of the most important documents in history. It guaranteed the emancipation of speech, the liberty of elections, parliamentary approval of taxation and the right to petition.Additionally it dismissed cruel and laughable punishment, standing armies and the monarchs ability to suspend law whenever he or she pleased. It also stated that no Catholic could succeed to the throne of England, thus eliminating the casualty of a Roman Catholic dynasty. The Claim of Right was issued in Scotland in 1689 and was basically the same document as the Bill of Rights. The Mutiny Act, which hold royal use of martial law to one y ear, was also baffle in place in 1689.The Toleration Act was issued as well, and it gave freedom of worship to Dissenters. Overall, the Glorious Revolution was significant in many ways. It formalone of the firstConstitutional Monarchies by extending the major power of the Parliament. In doing so, the power of the monarchy was severely limited. It marked a milestone, in which practical power shifted from the monarchy to the Parliament. That power that the Parliament had gained from the Glorious Revolution was never successfully challenged again.

Analysis of The Shifting Heart, by Richard Beynon Essay

Thesis In The Shifting Heart, the playwright Richard Beynon conveys ideas and representations of Australian identity element through the use of narrative techniques, especi in ally dialogue and constituentisation. Each character represents an aspect of Australian society in the 1950s that Beynon perceives to be true. initiatory published in 1960. Set in 1956. NUTSHELL-1. Not accepting of opposite cultures Abuse against Gino and failed assimilation halfway between identities. Cultural heritage is of the essence(predicate) in establishing identity -Through the characterisation of Gino, Beynon shows the rejection of Australians towards immigrants and other cultures. -Page 95 Australian citizenship present shows the belief Gino had that he had been accepted into Australian society. Momma This we gotta put in a frame, he says. It means something to him. Constant beatings he receives at the bound hall show that he is not accepted, as well as Barry shoving in the way in line He tries to put his pack straight on the scales- before us, so I told him Clarry You shouldnta told him (page 27). ultimate death of Gino via the beatings shows the extreme racial discrimination and prejudice in Australia during the time of production. -Assimilation is advance to fit in-He tried to assimilate into Australian society, Pg 34 Clarry. If hes Australian, or and then continues on page 35 maria. Italian? (Pressing hard) What if hes between the two?2. The play explores the systemic racism that exists within Australian society and portrays the justice system as m elderly and discriminatory -Throughout the play it is evident that racism is widespread and commonly used, with the tribe supporting immigrants universe the minority. -After the death of Gino, it is evident that the law system is fuck up and that racism is systemic. -Detective Lukie- Boss is looking to promote him if he successfully pins the run on the dead Gino. Page 69 rank is Detective sergeant (high ranking). Corrupt- makes assumptions, takes one locating of the story of the Australian, All I know are the facts, page 73.Biased and racist Witness girl saw it all unfold page 96 the girl Gino was meeting on Italians location Lukie And we found a girl, too arranged to meet him in the foyer. see most of it happen, she says- Police still confident Gino wasto blame -Page 97 Clarry why the change of face, eh? After promotion? Lukie Im happy. (Pause.) But i got a boss with ambitions. Clarry talking to Lukie somewhat Momma going to inquest She remembers, she forgets what the madhouse difference will it make? Knows whatever happens Gino will be say guilty of drunken violence3. A societies attitudes towards a minority passage can be changed when they gain a greater understanding of the plenty aligned with that race rather than basing their judgment on stereotypes Reflects upon the belief that racism is taught rather than inherited or natural Clarry represents this thesis, connotations of the title refer to him -Represented as a typical Aussie bloke, ie could obviously manage without help in a fight, page 20. In reference to Barry, the scrap metal storage battery who pushes in line in front of Gino, Clarry reasons that Because hes an older man, thats why. He was in this game before you were even in this country. Rugged man of 36, page 20 Start of the novel Clarry loves Maria but doesnt want to be acknowledged as being related to Bianchis. Maria when hes introduced Gino to people, but never at one time did he call him his brother-in-law page 77 He isnt angry but he still has aspects of racism Refer to conversation with Lukie about Gino being guilty, he sticks up for them Challenges authority figures and calls their kid GinoBut pass away night-it clicked for me. I dunno I felt sort of good stereotype emotion, shows side4. Alcohol is needed to have a good time and continue (Clarry and Donny) and the violence etc from it (misusing alcohol) -Donny Pratt Represents a lcoholism in Australia. (Leila bursts from the house with a ottle of beer and glasses) here quick, to wet its head. Clarry (And he wrenches the top from a bottle.) Here, Pop, grab yourself a lifeboat and decamp inta that, page 48. Reference to getting drunk, part of Aussie lifestyle. He is working class. Expresses the ascendent of domestic violence at the time. How can I a come to you if I dont remember? Page 88 naturalise violence.

Cricket

play is a sports game which is being contend in between two police squads. The real origin was South-East-England in the 16th century. The exchange organization of the game is International Cricket Council having al almost 100 affiliates from all told over the world. In this subject, we will talk about some of the most fascinating facts about the cricket that you may be familiar with.13 close Interesting Facts about Cricket Game?South Africa cricket team nicknamed as Proteas (National Flower of South Africa). An Interesting fact about them that they played world cup final four times but in earnest failed to succeed.Cricket was started in the 16th century from South East England. England cricket players are the cricket originator but not able to win a single world Cup Trophy So far.Sir cod Bradman was the youngest player to score a triple century in the try Cricket series. Sir get dressed Bradman (27, August 1908) was Australian cricket team pseudo menti aned as The Don of the Cricket. Another arouse fact about Don Bradman he wonky only six sixes in his whole career. The cricket history will always recognize him as all-time pet sportsmen.Indian Cricket team is the only team who had played and won introduction Cup friction match of 60, 50 and 40 over in that order. It is significant to let you know that from 1971 to 1983 all the ODI matches were in the sequence of 60 oversKapil Dev is the only Indian Cricket player, who never had a single no ball in his entire career of Cricket. Kapil Dev a actually historied former Indian cricket player. He won the Cricket World Cup of 1983. He also remained the coach of Indian Cricket police squad for one year. He is the Indian cricket player, who took highest wicketsIn the Cricket game, 111 grade reflects Nelson in the Cricket It means the tragic position (a batsman without the bails that is no more in the game). Nelson signifies the Admiral Nelson the flagman of the British Army, who had only one eye, one l eg, and one arm at the end time of his existence. So 111 mantic to be unluckyCyrus Gayle is the only player, who smashed the commencement exercise sixes on the rootage ball of a sieve match. Christopher Henry Gayle (born 21 September 1979). He is the only player who was honored to make two triples centuries in test series. (317 Against South Africa in 2005 and score 333 Against Sri Lanka 2010)Vinod Kamblis test match average is damp than his childhood fellow Sachin Tendulkar. Vindo Kambli is the former Indian first-class cricket player. He was the middle order batsman in Cricket team. Another interesting fact is that he is the only player, who do a century on his return dateSaourve Ganguli and Rohit Sharma are the two best players of Indian Cricket. They had smashed century in knock Out World Cup.The only Cricket rule of the Cricket that has never changed since the game is started i.e. pitch length (22 yards / 20.12 m long and 3.05m wide)Peter Siddle is the only player, who r ecorded a hat-trick on his birth date. Peter Siddle is the cricket player from Australian cricket team. 25th November 2010 on his 26th birthday he did his hat-trickBy considering balls bowled. Worlds shortest cricket test match was being played among West Indies and England. That was of only 10 balls at marriage Sound Ground on 13th Feb 2009. The match had drawn.The very worlds first Cricket World Cup was being organized for wo mens in 1973 and thus, the mens World Cup was being organized in 1975A very interesting fact that most of the people think that cricket rules were made by the ICC. But in actual, cricket rules were made by the Mel snub Cricket Club MCC

Electronic medical records systems

INTRODUCTIONScientific and social swaps of the 21st century run through brought a radical change in the Health accusation deli actually governance with excellent scientific innovations. One such(prenominal) innovation is the electronic health check immortalize System. An electronic checkup say (EMR) is a checkup take in digital format.The health c are sphere of influence is accountable today with an alarming jump-start in medical exam litigations.This legal accountability of the health pity schema has given rise to a number of documents that have to be save ,preserved and made available to the tolerants on demand.The sustenance includes, 1.Diagnosis and Treatment Report which very Health Care delivery center today provides to the patient on the details of the diagnosis of the disease with follow up instructions, the Medicine instruction and the allergic reaction reactions that could follow dietary restrictions, dos and donts, restrictions and exercises prescribe d. They take an cite either from the patient or an authorized person after receiving the report.This documentation serves a key purpose in medical practice.2.The Health rule book which is the proper documentation of evidences of all treatments and medications, as well as a record of a patients reactions and behavior. The health record is the pen and legal evidence of treatment. This reflects only facts and not the judgment of the recreate. Careful and accurate documentation is vital for patient welfare and that of the doctor.Documentation includes, medication administered, treatments done with run into & time, factual, objective and complete data, with no blank spaces left in charting, on flow sheets or on check lists, calls made to health tuition team, clients response, signature of the nurse in every institution and consent for treatment. A private hospital inMilan, Italy, has been asked to handover for police verification of the medical records of at least twenty one ca ses who had heart valve surgery, following complaints that the operating surgeon replaced heart valves even in patients who did not need them replaced.3. Informed Consent, which is a document, recorded before all terminally ill person receives his chemotherapy or an invasive procedure. The patient or his/her health attorney should give a well-documented informed consent before such procedures.Informed consent means that tests, treatments and medications have been explained to the person, as well as outcomes, possible complications and alternative procedures. Any medical hospital can be pushed into a center of a litigation storm after allegations without informed consent.4.Medical Billing and Insurance, which are part of the health care system in USA.Electronic medical record safekeeping facilitates access code of patient data by physicians at every given fixing ,accurate claims processing by insurance companies , building automated checks for drug and allergy interactions,clinic al notes and laboratory reports.The term electronic medical record can be expanded to include systems which keep track of other relevant medical information.THE TECHNOLOGYFive levels of an Electronic HealthCare cross-file (EHCR) keeping can be class as follows1.The Automated Medical Record ,which is a composition-based record with nigh computer-generated documents. 2.The Computerized Medical Record (CMR), which makes the documents of level 1 electronically available. 3.The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) which restructures and optimizes the documents of the previous levels ensuring inter-operability of all documentation systems.4.The Electronic Patient Record (EPR) which is a patient-centered record with information from multiple institutions.5.The Electronic Health Record (EHR) adds general health-related information to the EPR that is not necessarily related to a disease. The growing of standards for EMR interoperability is vital because of the fact that without interoperable EMRs, practicing physicians, pharmacies and health care institutions cannot share patient information, which is necessary for timely patient-centered care.There are m either standards relating to specific operation of EMRs in the USA and across the globe. These include ASTM International continuity of care record in which patient health summary is based upon XML ANS1 X12,which is a bewilder of protocols used for transmitting any data including billing information CEN,which is the European Standard for EMR DICOM,A popular standard in radiology record keeping and HL7 which is commonly used in clinical document architecture applications.There are many software programs specially developed for electronic record keeping. This includes Doctors collaborationist, an advanced Electronic Medical Records (EMR) System with Integrated Appointment computer programming Billing, Prescription Writer, Transcription Module, Document Management and Workflow Management built to meet HIPAA standards . Practice Partner Patient Records is an award winning electronic medical records (EMR) system, allowing practices to store and retrieve patient charts electronically. There are unnumberable such branded medical record softwares available today (Ringold et.al.,2000)The American Medical acquaintance and 13 other medical groups representing 500,000 physicians have signaled their endeavor to go electronic with the AMA formed Physicians Electronic Health Record partnership to recommend affordable, standards-based technology to their constituents. President Bush has also promoted a comprehensive computerized medical records system in a recent visit to a childrens hospital at Vanderbilt University.THE COSTThe National Academy of Sciences report states that the health care industry spent between $10 and $15 billion on information technology in 1996. RED medic Inc., a atomic number 20 based firm have introduced a cheap online medical record service with an annual membership of about $ 35.The company Web set will collect, store and access everything ever wanted by health-care professionals to subsist about a patients medications, allergies, immunizations, conditions, doctors, emergency contacts and insurance providers. The system will store and transmit more complex information such as advance directives, EKGs and other essential medical documents and diagnostic image techniques. This health information service is capable of delivering information to any doctor or hospital, anytime, within the United States.RISK ASSESSMENTAlthough the issue of the privacy of patient records has authentic due attention in the last two years with arguments that Electronic medical records presents new threats to the privacy of patient-identifiable medical records, The Health Insurance Portability and obligation Act of 1996 paved ways to protect the privacy of medical records Thus, any violation on these lines will be violation of the basic law.Under data protection legislation a nd the law in USA, the responsibilty for patient records in any form including films and tracings from diagnostic imaging procedures such as x-ray, CT, PET, MRI, ultrasound, etc. lies eternally on the creator and custodian of the record, who is usually a health care practice or facility and the patient owns the information within the record and has a right to view the originals, and to obtain copies under law. Thus, electronic medical record system is a technologically viable cost sound system that has to be utilized by the health care sector governed by legal and ethical principles.CONCLUSIONEMRs can serve a salient purpose by making the patient data available to any authorized physician or patient anywhere and anytime towards more unmingled health care when monitored effectively.REFERENCEHallvard Lrum, MD, Tom H. Karlsen, MD, and Arild Faxvaag, MD, PhD. Effects of scanning and eliminating paper based medical records on hospital physicians clinical work practice.. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 10 588-595. 2003.Medical Board of California Medical Records Frequently Asked Questions.Ringold, JP Santell, and PJ Schneider. ASHP national stick with of pharmacy practice in acute care settings dispensing and administration1999. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 57 (19) 1759-75. 2000.US Code of Federal Regulations, of Individually distinctive Health Information Title 45, Volume 1,October 1, 2005.

Norman Mailer’s Stabbing of his Second Wife, Adele Morales

Mr. Mailer was an eminent individual of America, he was known as a writer, film producer and director. He completed his Bachelors of Science in aeronautics from Harvard University in 1939. He became a really famous personality after writing opusy prominent novels. He get hitched with half dozen clock throughout his life. He had nine children, out of which eight were biologic, and ane was adopted.Norman Mailer was considered a very gifted and assiduous person. In the social class 1960, at a party held at his home, Mailer got d thrashk and stabbed his second wife, Adele Morale, practic all toldy putting to death her. Adele Morale was hurt in the abdomen and back of the body. Most hoi polloi believed that Mailer was observed as the dupe. Mailer had been motivated to do this by compulsion and genial illness, as there was no opposite reason which could be cogitate for this sinful act.While few people criticize him and believe that Mailer did not project any admiration for w omen, he affirmed on a converse demonstrate, Women ought to be kept in confine. In a Harpers cartridge clip dissertation titled The Prisoner of Sex, he wrote, The major duty of a woman is to be on ground long plenty to find the best mate for herself and envis progress children who will perk up the species. So in this research study we have covered all the facts which may be involved in Normans peachy of his second wife, and have described the circumstances which provoked him to perform this violence. liveness Hi account Achievements of Norman MailerNorman Mailer was an outstanding personality of the United States of America. He was an author, film producer and director. Normal Mailer was born in New island of Jersey in 1923. In 1939, Mailer completed his Bachelors of Science in aeronautics from the Harvard University. subsequently completion of his edification, he initiated inscription of novels. In the form 1944, he was driven to the army, where he worked communally as a cl erk and rifleman. In the year 1948, he started writing for the novel, The Naked and The Death. In this novel, he elucidated everything which he had perceived in World War II. This novel achieved more performance than it was expected to.It was in 1960 when he wrote many dissertations and became a lead writer. In 1969, Mailer ran for mayor, this time on the Secessionist ticket, which included proposals that New York City become the fifty-first call forth and that disputes among young criminals be settled by jousting tournaments in Central Park.Mailers mental representation journalistic approach is presumed to be of highest esteem in the outstanding Armies of the Night. Mailer triumphed six percent of the ballot in a five man argument to turn out to be the Mayor of New York. He accept the 1968 Republi muckle and Democratic conference in Miami and the Siege of Chicago, and became the first man to corridor the Moon. During his life time, Mailer married six dissimilar women and had n ine children from them, eight of which were his biological children and one was adopted. After spending a trouble rough life, Mr. Mailer died at the age of 84 in New York, at Mount Sinai Hospital, due to nephritic failure. Norm, Rich.Marriages of Norman MailerNorman Mailer married six times, his first marriage took side in the year 1943, and last in 1980. His first wife was Beatrice Silverman, they got married in 1943, and he divorced her in the year 1952. Adele Morales was his second wife, they got married on April 19, 1954 at City Hall, but after a few years, he sampleed to kill her with a pen knife, and they were divorced after this ghastly incident. Lady Jeanne Campbell was the third wife of Mailer. They married in the year 1962 and were divorced in 1963. He then decided to marry Beverly Bentley in the year 1963. His fifth wife was Carol Steven whom he married in the year 1980 they were separated after one day of their marriage. He perpetrate himself to Norris Church in the year 1980. Norm, Sherry, Strifto.The stabbing incidentAt a revelry in which Mr. Mailer was to announce his Mayoral candidature on the Secessionist ticket, he was heavily drunk and he stabbed his second wife Adele Morale, practically killing her. She was hit in the abdomen and back of the body, and was taken to the hospital at 8 am sharp. She was admitted to the hospital with an abrasion in close proximity to her heart.Shortly after, detectives went to question her about the incident, but they were told that she was in a very critical situation, and she could not answer their questions. The following day, the police was allowed to visit her as she was feeling better than before. She then informed them that her husband stabbed her on sunlight morning at 5 a.m. without any reason. He unexpectedly walked towards her, looked at her and stabbed her with a penknife. Adele refused to press accusation, so Mailer escaped this indignation within a fortnight at a psychiatric unit of Bellevue .This incident became one of the most terrible events of Mailers life. It has been a focal point for feminist critics of Mailer, who point to the subject of sexual aggression in his work. This confrontation even up him separate with his beloved wife. Furthermore, they divorced in the year 1962. This incident a the like blemished his career and the image he had made among fans. He was no more considered as a celebrity after stabbing his wife.Mailer in addition felt guilty for his act while appearing in a T.V. documentary. He himself said, The stabbing changed everything in my life. It is the one act I can look back on and regret for the rest of my life.On the other hand, Adele Morales tells news reporters that Norman Mailer was never guilty for his act because if he was, it would show, to boot he can never accept that he has any helplessness in his character.Carl Rollyson unwrapped the biography of Mailer with narrations of John Maloney, an acquaintance of Mailer. It was in 1954 , when Maloney stabbed his cocotte and escaped. After a few years he was sent to chuck out but was released when the convict was taken back from his wife. At that moment, Mailer alleged to him, God, I wish I had the courage to stab a woman like that. That was a real gutsy act. That tells one all one ineluctably to know about Norman Mailers idea of courage. In some instances, it conveys very modest disapproval surrounded by upscale intellectuals Norm & Kimball, 2007 Bart, 2007. chance and Causes of this IncidentWhen the populace attempted to conclude on the subject of Mailers stabbing of his second wife, they were frequently bewildered. This was due to the fact that Mailer had a terrific individuality and overwhelming intelligence, and had written many esteemed articles. While on other hand, he stabbed his wife so it is not very undemanding to conclude Mailers personality and circumstances which drove him to this act. However, we can have a spectacle on what a researcher consider ed about Norman Mailer, to make a conclusion about the cause of his ruby-red act.Irving Howe believes that Mailer was observed as the victim. He also believes that Mailer had been motivated by compulsivity and mental illness as there was no other reason which can be concluded for this sin.Anyone who reads Mailers story would consider him as a victim and they would question themselves additionally, as to what the circumstances were, which forced him to do so. If Mailers attempt to assassinate his companion convened with little displeasure, the American Dream would not run away so effortlessly. It had its admirer, and on the other hand critic Stanley Edgar Hyman, in an overwhelming review called Norman Mailers Luscious Rump, beam a lot, when it was called an appalling novel. Substantially added flamboyance than antagonism, it is a book whose dreadfulness is in actual fact begging description.It can be said that Mailer performed this violent act because he would be mentally depressed at times, as he had a troubling life. However, some people believe that Mailer was conceit of as a celebrity who was a drinker and brawler, womanizer, biased campaigner, communal critic, talk-show guest, self-promoter, and symbol of male sexism. The stabbing incident became the evidence of Mailers news report as a boisterous person too Norm & Kimball.The above countersign clearly concludes that the causes of this incident may be some mental illness, or it was his cruel nature towards women which made him perform this horrible act.ReferencesBart Barnes, November 11, 2007, A blustery force in life and letter retrieved from http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2007/11/11/ST2007111101767.html.About.com, quotes about Norman Mailer previous marriages retrieved from http//marriage.about.com/od/thearts/a/normanmailer_3.htmRichard Avedo, Norman Mailer autobiography retrieved from http//www.notablebiographies.com/Lo-Ma/Mailer-Norman.html.Mailer a dissenting view, Roger Kimball http//pajamasmedia.com/xpress/rogerkimball/2007/11/10/norman_mailer_a_dissenting_vie.php.

Overview of the Hospitality Industry

Detail Itinerary (Nepal) Day 01 stretch / capital of Nepal (2013/Jan/18) Arrival at Tribhuwan world-wide Airport from Korean Airways. Meet, spot and assist to transfer to Hotel. Check in to Hotel and free. Evening visit Thamel Area. dinner party at Korean Restaurant and overnight at Hotel, Kathmandu. ( dinner party) Day 02KathmanduPokhara(01/19) aft(prenominal) Breakfast, closure out and choose to Pokhara about 200 Kms west. lunch on the way at Kurintar at Manokamana Cafe and continue drive. image Pokhara and microchip in to Hotel. Free clock time, Walking around Lake, Boating (if time permits) etc.. dinner party and overnight at Hotel, Pokhara. B/F. Lunch / Dinner) Day 03 Pokhara Lumbini(01/20) vex up betimes morning and drive to Sarangkot (Hill top) about 15 Kms for morn view. after(prenominal) Sun rise View, bear out to Hotel. Breakfast at Hotel and check out. Leave for Hydropower Construction site (Andhikhola and Kali Gandaki A) at Syangja district. bear on drive to Lumbini. Reach Lumbini and check in to Hotel Lumbini Garden. Dinner and overnight at Hotel, Lumbini( B/F. Lunch / Dinner) Day 04 Pokhara Chitwan ( hobo camp Safari) (01/21) After Breakfast, leave for half(a) day visit to Birth place of Gautam Buddha and check out and drive to Chitwan.Reach Chitwan and check in to Hotel. Lunch at Hotel. In Afternoon, transfer to Chitwan subject area Park for Jungle Safari by Elephant Back Ride. After safari, back to Hotel. Dinner and overnight at Hotel, Chitwan. ( B/F. Lunch / Dinner) Day 05 Chitwan (01/22) After Breakfast, transfer to Chitwan National Park for full day jungle activities including Jungle walk, Canoe Ride, Elephant Breeding Centre visit etc. Lunch at Hotel. Evening, transfer to Tharu Culture Dance centre for viewing Tharu Traditional Dance. Dinner and overnight at Hotel, Chitwan ( B/F. Lunch / Dinner) Day 06 Chitwan Nagarkot (01/23)After Breakfast, leave for dolly Watching to Jungle and back. Check out and back to Kathmandu/N agarkot (hill grade in Kathmandu) about 200 Kms. Lunch on the way at Kurintar at River Side Spring haunt and continue drive. Reach Nagarkot and check in to Hotel. Enjoy Sunset view from Hotel Premises. Dinner and overnight at Hotel, Nagarkot ( B/F. Lunch / Dinner) Day 07 Nagarkot Kathmandu (01/24) Wake up early morning for Sun rise view. After the view, Breakfast at Hotel. After Breakfast, check out and drive back to Bhaktapur Durbar (Old Palace) straightforwardly and Pashupatinath Temple.Lunch at Korean Restaurant. Afternoon in Kathmandu for shopping. Dinner and Overnight at Hotel, Kathmandu. ( B/F. Lunch / Dinner) Day 08 Kathmandu (01/25) Breakfast at Hotel and visit Patan Durbar Square . Lunch at Chinese Restaurant. At 1. 00 PM Departure for Tribhuwan International Airport. Day 09 Reach Busan (01/26) at the day time. Tour End appeal Includes 1. Arrival & Departure Transfers 2. 2 Nights bind at Hotel Royal Singi in Kathmandu 3. 1 Nights stay at Hotel Barahi in Pokhara 4. Nig ht stay at Hotel Lumbini Garden in Lumbini 5. 2 Nights stay at Hotel park in Chitwan 6. 1 Night stay at Hotel Fort Resort at Nagarkot (Upgraded Hotel) 7. Daily Breakfast at Hotels 8. 4 Double / repeat Room and 3 Single Room at Hotels 9. Lunch and Dinner at best available Restaurant 10. Sightseeing in Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan and Nagarkot as per itinerary 11. all in all Transportation with sightseeing by Non AC Coaster 12. unveiling fees at sightseeing points as per itinerary 13. All Hotel Taxes Cost Excludes 1. All Personal Expenses, Beverages 2. Tips etc.

No Good Friday by Athol Fugard Essay

In the play No goodly Friday, the main character is Willie Seopolo, the scholar in the township. He has realized that although he is meliorate, he will be unable to advance socially and economically because of the colour of his skin. His dreams and hopes fade away as he realizes that they now sloshed nonhing, it was a waste of time to dream in the first place. on that point is no social mobility and the blacks bemuse no rights. He refuses to adopt this lookout and to accept fate.I prefer to view Willie as a sad hired gun rather than a tragical figure. A tragic hero may be defined as an honourable character with a fatal flaw that eventually leads to his ruin. Willies fatal flaw was his disposition to survive a fair life without restrictions. He resented the fact that the whites were in control and wanted to be treated equally. He was admired by the people of Sophiatown for being educated. They looked up to him and held him in high esteem. Because he was educated he was abl e to view certain issues from a different perspective. conflicting the typical residents of Sophiatown who simply accepted their social reality, he stood for change and equality.From the lineage of the play it is noniced that Willie does not accept the status that the dominant whites have given to him. When Guy explains to Tobias how he must behave yes baas, no bass, convey you bass even if he kicks you in the backside Willie gets upset and shouts founder it, damn you. It is evident that Willie is angry and discontented with his current position. Although he does not accept it, he has no choice however to live with it. As a result he feels an overwhelming unhappiness loneliness melancholy, despair. He made a mistake believing that education was an escape. He realizes that even if he is educated, he is no one because of his skin colour. This raw(a) awakening brings across a feeling of anger and hopelessness damn Ass Thats what I think of B.A.All that he of all time hoped an d dreamed for was impossible. He is sick of being intelligent because he knows it manner nothing. After Tobais dies, Willie feels an overwhelming amount of guilt, shame and grief Im sick of my whole life. Everything The dreams that Tobias had for himself and his family reminded him of the dreams that he had when he was a child. He detest Tobias because he was full of dreams that would never be fulfilled. After Tobiass funeralit is intimately as if Willie says farewell to his own hopes and dreams. He is unable to write to Tobiass family, incapable of fulfilling his only inclination as being educated in a township. He is made more than aware that the apartheid system is indispensable and even more unwilling to accept it.Willie then has a loyal urge to do something about the situation. He is tired of seeing work force with hopes and dreams carried out in coffins, he is tired of the oppression. He is aware that subject of going to the police would just bring about laughter howe ver he does it anyway. He lets go of his pride with the false hope of achieving a goal. When the police simply laugh at Willie he is even more angered and frustrated by the situation. The police are Sharks protectors and are only concerned with apartheid laws, not criminal laws. This is ironic in the sense that apartheid laws are criminal and inhumane.Willies stance does not conciliate into the social reality. His friends refuse to stand next to him against Shark. They see what he is doing but they do not accept it. They let Shark kill him and do not try to stand against him. Willie dies with the sense that he has nothing to live for and the hope that he will bring about a change.Willie does not view himself as a hero. Infact, rather than being a ungenerous hero, I view Willie as being a selfless tragic hero. He could not have been sacrificing his life for selfish motives because he would not benefit from them. He believed that it would serve as an awakening to those around him an d possibly change their mentality. He may not have fulfilled his purpose as the mindset of the people in the township might not change, but he died with the idea that he would cause a change. For this causa Willie is a tragic hero.Fugard Athol, Township Plays, Introduction by Dennis Walder, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 1999

Economic History Essay

agree to Keynes, recessions and financial crises mass be avoided if central banks continue general equilibrium in the cash markets (via financial insurance). It can reduce coin supply by selling bonds. It can summation money supply by buying bonds. This make up-decrease in money supply is a general mechanism utilized by central banks to ensure the lustiness of the financial market. In short, the aim of the policy is to make the prices of financial assets motionless (prevents panic). Keynes, however, argued that monetary policy does not raise the national income. monetary policy only creates an illusion of stinting successfulness. Keynes favored the use of monetary policy in increasing the level of national income because of two major reasons. First, monetary policies argon easier to implement than monetary policies. A government can amplify or decrease its expenditure level depending on the status of the prudence. If an economy is in recession, then the government can increase its level of expenditure. If existing GDP exceeds potential GDP, then a slight decrease in government spending is necessary. rase that the mechanism by which financial policies argon implemented argon often quantifys less sophisticated than that of implementing monetary policies. Second, the effect of monetary policy ar more pronounced than that of monetary policy. An increase in government spending automatically increases the level of national income. B) inform what Friedman thought were the pros and cons of the active use of fiscal policy and of monetary policy. (3 points) Friedman argued that fiscal policy is not an effective tool for preventing recessions and financial crises.For instance, deflationary fiscal policy would be ineffective if the marginal propensity to consume die hard to increase with respect to the interest come out. Inflation would therefore be a very difficult problem to solve. This instance led Friedman to conclude that fiscal policy is actua lly an scotchal barrier to foster frugal activity. Friedman, however, viewed monetary policy as a mechanism for alter an economy. For example, too much money in an economy would cause prices of goods and services to increase. Too small-minded money in an economy causes a contraction in the GDP.Monetary policies are designed to effectively combat both inflation and deflation, and increase efficiency in the money markets. According to Friedman, the cause of the Great drop-off was not overproduction, but rather the Crash of 1929. The inefficiency of the money market created unbalance in stock prices, which ultimately led to the Crash of 1929. For Friedman, efficiency of money markets is an important de preconditioninant of stinting stability. C) Where do these two economists agree? Where do they disagree? (2 points)Both economists recognized the importance of interest rate adjustments in boosting an economy. For Keynes, interest rate is an important factor in inreasing investment and inspiration level in an economy. For Friedman, interest rate serves as a stabilizing agent in adjusting the prices of financial and non-financial instruments. The two economists however differed on the utmost to which interest rates can be used to boost an economy. Keynes favored a more rigorious reduction in interest rates small-arm Friedman a more conservative approach in interest rate adjustments.There is an new(prenominal) significant disagreement between the two theorists. Friedman spurned the concept of permanent income hypothesis which states that as income increases, the fraction allocated to savings in addition increases. Keynes supported this hypothesis. D) What is your own view on this debate? Explain. (2 points) The use of all fiscal or monetary policy is dependent on economic circumstances. For example, a penury-induced recession can be effectively resolved by fiscal policy while a supply-induced recession can be resolved by monetary policy.No single macroe conomic opening can fully explain or resolve all macroeconomic problems. A) Neoclassical economic theories are based on the assumption that peck are rational. Did Thorstein Veblen have a favorable view of neoclassical economic science? Discuss his views on this issue. (3 points) Thorstein Veblen rejected many of the assumptions of neoclassical political economy. He argued that the term rational is generally vague even from the standpoint of modern economics. understanding is an thinker that excludes behavior which is not based on a heedful calculation of costs and benefits.Veblen argued that rationality itself is a relative idea an idea which is based on economic, political, socio-cultural, and economic factors. Veblen established the idea of conspicuous consumption. According to him, demand is often fueled not only by economic factors alone but also by socio arranged factors. Those man-to-mans belonging to the amphetamine strata of society often engaged in conspicuous cons umption because it enhances status. By conspicuous consumption, Veblen meant a general precedent of artificially increasing demand out of conscious desire to enhance status.Conspicuous consumption is a state where actual consumption greatly exceeds actual needs. B) Consider the articles on behavioural economics at http//myweb. liu. edu/uroy/eco54/histlist/behav-econ/index. html. Read and summarize the main pinch of just about of these articles. (3 points) In the article, How Obama is Using the Science of Change, Grunwald argued that Obama hired some of the top hat professors in behavioral science to help him in his campaign. This so-called behavioral team assisted Obama in evaluating the behavioral instance of the voters, in swan to find the correct political stance.According to the author Obama won the alternative because he looked like transform, sounded like dislodge and never stopped run for change. But he didnt call for just change in Washington or even just change in the States. From his declarations that change comes from the bottom up to his admonitions about an era of profound irresponsibility, Obama called for change in Americans (Grunwald, 2009). According to the author, Obama relied his presidency on the ability of every American to change behavior.Although his top priorities health care, energy, international peace depended on this change. For Obama, economic prosperity could only be achieved through constant moralistic evaluation of man-to-man conduct. Saving energy, protecting the environment, and promoting a responsible dodging of governance are highly related to individual decisions. C) Based on these articles, what is your credit of the value of the contributions of behavioral economics to economic epitome? Explain. In the past, economic phenomena were whole explained by economic factors.For example, fluctuations in GDP were generally explained by variable levels in consumption, investment, trade accounts, and government exp enditure. Efficiency in money and gravid markets were solely explained by confidence levels, risk based assets and liabilities, and in general, federal funds rate. Today, there is a growing interest in associating economic phenomena with non-economic factors. This interest is not without basis. Some economists, notably Hayek and Kuznets, were able to show that some non-economic factors influenced, sometimes, determined economic phenomena.For example, the failure of capitalist reforms in Latin America during the 1970s was attributed solely to political instability. Becker, for instance, proved that individual reaction to income and levy changes affect the overall labor supply in an economy. In his time allocation model, Becker posited the hypothesis that individual behavior directly influence total income. D) Do you think behavioral economics represents a return of Veblens ideas? (2 points) Behavioral economics whitethorn be thought as a return to Veblens ideas.Behavioral economi cs has the following assumptions which reflected Veblens ideas 1) case-by-case decision-making patterns influence economic decision making in the public topic of operations 2) Individual behavior is influenced by the behavior of other individuals 3) Economic phenomena are sometimes directly influenced by actions of institutions 4) And, consumption and investment are not solely determined by interest rate and confidence levels respectively. It should, however, be noted that most of Veblens ideas tackled non-economic issues, so it is impossible to bust that behavioral economics is a determined return to Veblens ideas.A) To what extent has economics benefited from the application of numerical methods in the analysis of economic issues? (2 points) The application of numerical methods benefited economics in the analysis of economic issues in three respects. First, mathematical methods allowed the construction of elaborate and sophisticated models in explaining economic phenomena. Sec ond, these models greatly intensify the means by which prediction is utilized. Many of the models used were helpful in assessing economic trends, and in general, in determining future consumption, investment, and public figure levels.Third, these methods provided economists egg, logical reference points. It is very difficult for an economist to analyze an economic phenomenon without the proper guidance from opening (it is very probable for an economist unguided by theory to draw misleading and sometimes, false conclusions). B) What is game theory? Discuss some of its contributions to economic analysis. What is your opinion of the value of the contributions of game theory to economic analysis? (3 points) Generally, game theory is a mathematical system for analyzing and predicting how humans behave in strategic situations (Camerer, 2001).Standard equilibrium analyses deport all players 1) all forms of belief based on analysis of what other may do (this is called strategic thinkin g) 2) choose a best answer given those beliefs (optimization) 3) adjust best responses and beliefs until they are mutually consistent (equilibrium). bet on theory, unlike the nomothetic macroeconomic theories, assumes that not all players behave rationally in complex situations. Assumtions (1) and (2) are violated, or more absolutely relaxed. Players luck are intertwined. The presence of players who do not think strategically or optimize can change what rational player will do.As a result, the standard way of predicting individual behavior often becomes invalid. At best, game theory offers a new approach in analyzing individual behavior. It relaxes the concept of rationality. This is desirable because individual often act irrationally in many circumstances. Game theory may provide supplementary perceptiveness in economic analysis of actor units. Game theory may provide vivid differentiation between collective and individual action. Note that sometimes, there is discrepancy betwee n collective and individual action (which is not shown in standard microeconomic analysis).C) What is econometrics? Discuss some of its contributions to economic analysis. What is your opinion of the value of the contributions of econometrics to economic analysis? (3 points) Econometrics is the use of statistical tools in formal economic analysis (Garcia, 2004). Paul Samuelson was one of the first economists who developed the field of econometrics. He used complex fixation systems to predict specific economic phenomena like business cycles and GDP fluctuations, and to determine optimal tax and want levels of public goods.In general, the contributions of econometrics to economic analysis are as follows 1) accurate prediction systems, 2) precise determination of specific contribution of economic factors (in regression anaysis), and 3) determination of direction of economic trends. At best, econometrics is used to confirm or dispove economic theories. It is a means by which theories can be through empirical observation verified. D) Comment on Paul Krugmans article Two Cheers for sanctimony which is available at his web page http//web. mit. edu/krugman/www/.It is much safer to assume that formalist economics is still useful in analyzing economic events. The reason is evident. overmuch of economic theorizing are essentially based on logical analysis of economic precedents which altogether comprised what is called models the physical representation of reality. Many of Krugmans assumptions are essentially based on whimsical spin of economic facts. This distortion is evident. Krugman treated theory as if it was based on pure logical thinking. For the most, theories are partially constructed from actual observations.In any case, there is no sense in arguing that a new economics is indispensable to explain current trends in the world economy, for economic theories, at the present, can explain those trends.ReferencesCamerer, Colin. 2001. Behavioral Game Theory Thi nking, Learning, and Teaching. California California institute of Technology. Garcia. Yolanda. 2004. Lectures in Econometrics. Universit of the Philippines. Grunwald, Michael. 2009. How Obama is Using the Science of Change. Retrieved on April 25, 2009 from http//myweb. liu. edu/uroy/eco54/histlist/behav-econ/index. html The New Palgrave lexicon of Economics.