Successful Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Successful Marketing - Case Study ExampleWhatever, Anything, a local Singaporean beverages harvest-festival manufactured by Out of the Box Pte., has flourishingly met the challenges of the prospect of intense competition and has successfully penetrated into this evidently closed market.Even though the market situation, as outlined above, communicates the impression of the beverages market as a closed one, this is non entirely true. The key is selling. Maoz and Tybout (2002) contend that a well-design marketing tally is based on the accurate identification of the products most likely consumer segment and speaks to potential consumers in their language, addressing their needs and even temperament traits/quirks, A marketing campaign which subscribes to the principles of advertising and communication excellence will facilitate a in the buff form/products successful entry into an otherwise closed and highly competitive market.But what is excellence in marketing, communications an d advertising According to Hastings and Saren (2003), the theory of excellence in marketing is predicated on the principles of favorable marketing and interpersonal communication or, at least, the impression of it. In order to give the impression of interpersonal communication with consumers and, as such, garner their loyalty to the product, it is imperative that both the nature of the product meet consumer expectations and demands and the campaign in question combine between public relations and social marketing (Hastings and Soren, 2003).Expounding upon the characteristics of successful campaigns, Barlow-Hills and Soren (2003) begin with the concepts of product choice and innovation. The product must address a market need or aspiration and, within the context of highly competitive markets, be innovative enough to attract consumer attention. plot the fulfillment of this first requirement invaluably contributes to the market success of a product, success is ultimately predicated o n the marketing and communications campaign which introduces the product to consumer and incites an interest in it, and desire for its possession. Such a campaign, according to Barlow-Hills and Soren (2003) is characterized by innovativeness, on the one hand, and the exploitation of the language and the lifestyles of its targeted consumer market segment, on the other.Whatever, Anything fulfils the two requirements for success outlined in the preceding. The product, per se, may not be innovative since, as already mentioned, the beverages market is practically saturated with drinks to suit all tastes and age groups. Anything is a group of carbonated and Whatever a group of non-carbonated cold drinks. In other words, the product is not new in itself and hardly offers consumers something which is not already present in the market. What is new is the concept behind the product. Both Whatever and Anything come in six different flavors separately but are packaged in generic cans with non- identifiers. Accordingly, the customer does not know which flavor he/she will receive, bringing the element of surprise into the equation. in other words, even though the product is not innovative, its manufactures, Out of the Box Pte., imposed innovation upon it through its packaging. It is, thus, that the first requirement for successful marketing was fulfil - product innovation.The

Creating a PR Plan for Marcos Ambrose's Race Team Essay

Creating a PR Plan for Marcos Ambroses Race police squad - hear ExampleHe does this by setting a Motorsport to field Late Model stock cars in the UARA Starts Touring Series.There are several assumptions in regards to the PR outline. These include the size of the Marcos Ambroses Race Team and its operations. The PR plans foundation lie in an appreciation of Public Relation theory, that ranges from systems focusing to the global dialectics of international PR. In this regard, I will define PR as the planned and continue effort to establish and maintain goodwill between an organization and its stakeholders. This PR plan is aimed at construction a strategic media and public relation plan which will continue the success of Marcos Ambrose teams in the major sponsorship within V8 supercars Championship.The recommended plan is based upon 12 month plan with three phases namely pre-launch integrated communication theory and the follow-up to maintain momentum. The following stakeholders h ave been identified to be important in the implementation of PR plan.Intensive, integrated communications in October and November 2014 focusing all the activities undertaken by the Marcos Ambroses Race Team unconnected from the field activities. This mainly focuses on the various primary and secondary stakeholders of the motorsport

Femininity, Feminism, & The Beauty Myth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Femininity, Feminism, & The Beauty Myth - Essay way of life model96). This essay discusses this statement with regard to the concepts of femininity, feminism, and the beauty myth by Naomi Wolf.Most app bently, Bennett is trying to argue that fashion is a type of non vocal communication. It is easy to see that even when articles of clothing are coated with words, standardized catchphrases, logotypes, or trademark name for instance, there remains a degree of nonverbal communication that goes beyond the exact messages of those catchphrases or trademark names (Barnard 2002, 29). There are several scholars who take into consideration numerous instances of terms or phrases being used on fashion, tracing their connections to calligraphy, foreign languages, punk, and graffiti, for instance. Fashion makes use of these expressions to offer willing consumers more ways to visually communicate themselves (Barnard 2002, 29). The issue then comes up as to whether, since they are types of nonver bal expression, fashion could be viewed as being somehow similar to written or verbal communication. For instance, when Umberto Eco declares to be communicating through his attires he perhaps implies that he is following fashion to perform the similar kinds of tasks as he makes use of verbal expression to perform in other circumstances Essentially, the symbolisation of Eco appears to indicate that fashion is created into something similar to a language (Barnard 2002, 29). Alison Lurie, in The Language of Clothes, seems to think that there is an straight-from-the-shoulder similarity. She argues that there are numerous distinct expressions of fashion, each espousing its own language. In view of this, fashion is the replica of word and could be assembled into expressions (p. 29-30). For instance, as explained by Barnard (2002), Lurie proposes that an individual having hardly any clothes, will have microscopical opportunity to build more

Croatia the Presentation of the Countrys Main Policies and Domains Essay

Croatia the Presentation of the Countrys Main Policies and Domains - Essay ExampleThese two regions bear on over the rough Adriatic coast. Its central regions contain densely wooded mountains in Lika and Gorski Kotar which are part of the Dinaric the Alps mountain range (Croatia officially the state of Croatia).The Northeast region comprises of fertile agricultural land, and cattle grooming constitutes an important economic activity. Fruits are produced in the central mountain belt and Istria and Dalmatia produce grapes and olives, in abundance. Croatias major industries are food processing, wine, textiles, chemicals, petroleum and natural gas. It is a parliamentary republic with a unicameral legislature. The head of the Croatian state is the President and the Prime Minister is the head of the government (Croatia officially the Republic of Croatia).In the 7th century AD, the southern Slavic people migrated to Croatia, where they formed a dukedom, under Charlemagnes rule in the 8th century AD. In the 10th century, they converted to Christianity and established their own kingdom. Croatia remained an separate state, under the ruling of native kings. In 1102 AD, Croatia came under Magyar rule. However, institutions of the Croatians survived even under the rule of the Hungarian dynasty. Gradually, its territory was relocated and moved towards the north and west. In 1420, its Dalmatia region was appropriated by Venice. The conquests of the Ottoman Empire except reduced its territory, in the 16th century (Croatia officially the Republic of Croatia).In the same period, the Austrian Habsburgs occupy the remaining area of Croatia and brought it under their rule. In 1867 Croatia became part of the Austro Hungarian Empire. Its major regions Dalmatia and Istria were ruled by capital of Austria and Croatia Slavonia. In 1918, after Austria Hungary was defeated in the First World War Croatia formed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes by merging with southern S lavic territories.

Citizen Engagement in development research Essay

Citizen utilisation in development research - Essay ExampleIts purpose is to contribute in meaningful ways to specific public policy decisions in a transparent and accountable manner. (Phillips, 2002) Around the full stop centering 1970s, the different governments, especially of the Western nations, more profoundly thought of extending the responsibilities of the citizens and gradually increased and pass out the application of the plans in various arenas primarily including the social and infrastructural bodies to address more deeply the quintessential aspects of facts of life and health. Citizens were encouraged to intensively participate and monitor in many small developmental projects and related campaigns in their respective community areas.Lack of substantial civilian involvement at that period prompted many theories to be developed and scrutinized at this very context. There have been several approaches and detailed theoretical study and word regarding literature of publi c involvement in developmental affairs of the governance. Many such views were studied soundly and dissected minutely to frame administrative policies across the nations of the world. One such view to understand the procedure of civilians in attaining developmental goals was the neo-liberal market approach. The main argument of the neo-liberal market approach is a continually sustained moderation of the government authority through a proper mix of privatization and decentralization policies (Gaventa, 2007). In this exceptional framework, the main critic is the civilians are mechanically.

Your Site Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Your Site - Assignment ExampleThus, a website should be user-friendly and connect with the user. It should be adequate to(p) to attract the customer and retain him. A website is only effective if it is able to achieve this task.The Wireframe of first principle Limited is an important component of the website design. This is the basic visual guideline of the website around which the information, pictures and another(prenominal) graphics are pastured within the website (Kerr and Keats, 2009).When placing information and other elements on the website, it is important to consider the marking customer and their way of interacting with the website. Research on this round topic reveals that the average customer has a way in which he processes information on a website. This depends on his eye movement when he opens a website. A typical eye movement begins from the top left, moves to the center and then scans the right and left side of the website.This shows that the top left is the fir st interaction that the customer has visually with the website. It is here that most companies place their logo in order to identify the website to the customer. This will also be the position of the logo for ABC Company. The next place that the customer interacts with is the center of the website. This information will also be used strategically by ABC Limited. It will be here that ABC Limited would project its special offers that will be intend to lure the customers. This layout is quite similar to other websites of the same genre. This is an important consideration since most professional person websites are built on nearly the same wireframe. These standard designs are built to reassure the customer that the website is professional and to make navigation easier. Most customers are used to the same layout and they expect others to carry the same layout. all unique wireframes confuse the customers and they tend to escape the website earlier (Kelly, 2007).On the left side of the w eb page, a vertical text menu would appear. This

Ludwig van Beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ludwig new wave van Beethoven - Essay ExampleHaving been instilled with the passion for music, he furthers his skill by taking lessons from notable melodious figures in Vienna including Haydn, Albrechtsberger, Schenck and Salieri. Before long, he has earned a name for himself as a pianist of great fantasy and verve, admired in particular for his brilliant improvisations (Ludwig van Beethoven 2). In his twenties, Beethoven begins to suffer hearing disorder which stepwise led his detriment of hearing. However, this does not affect his ability in producing notable masterpieces.As stated above, the life of Beethoven spans the end of the classical until the early romantic era. owe to this, the rootal career of Beethoven is divided into three periods namely, Early, Middle, and novel Periods which reflect his use of distinct musical styles. The Early Period features his earliest musical compositions which strongly emulates his predecessors like Mozart and Haydn yet concurrently explo ring new directions and gradually expanding the scope and ambition of the work (Ludwig van Beethoven 3). The Middle Period comprises the compositions of Beethoven during the gradual loss of his hearing. Thus, his works exudes themes of struggle and heroism and are categorized as the most popular examples for the classical period. The Late Period includes the last compositions of Beethoven and is illustrious by their intellectual depth, intense and highly personal expression, and statuesque innovation. These works are regarded as the commencement of the Romantic Era (Ludwig van Beethoven 3).Included in the Early Period, Beethovens Piano Sonata No.14 in C-sharp Minor is more popularly known as the synodic month Sonata. This composition which is originally entitled by Beethoven as Quasi una Fantasia (Almost a Fantasy) is dedicated to the 17 division old pupil of the musical genius Countess Giulietta Guicciardi. As the title suggests, the composition is more of a Fantasia than a son ata as it does not follow the latters fast-slow-fast form. Moonlight Sonata can be regarded as Beethovens expression of love to this blue blood whom she proposed to afterwards (Moonlight Sonata 1). The Moonlight Sonata is comprised of three movements Adagio sostenuto, Allegreto, and Presto Agitato. The first movement sounds like a dirge with a dark and whisper like melody. It is played against an accompanying ostinato triplet rhythm. The dynamics of the movement ranges from soft (very quietly) to mezzo forte (moderately loud) giving a powerful impact to listeners. The second movement is regarded as a moment of relative calm in the piece. This part is written as a scherzo which denotes to a nonsensical composition, usually fast moving and used in place of a minuet or trio during Beethovens time. The Moonlight Sonata peaks on its final movement where the composer wrote with fast arpeggios and strongly accented notes. In contrast to the first devil movements, this movement is more powerful and invigorating with fast rhythm, loud dynamics, and more powerful texture. The Moonlight Sonata is noted for its simple yet beautiful melody (Rosen 126).The Eroica is Beethovens composition in his middle musical career which is highly influenced by the political situation during his time. It should be noted that Beethoven lived during the time of French Revolution which cease in chaos. Out this chaos arose a French

Gender and Ethnic Minority Exclusion within Construction Dissertation

Gender and Ethnic Minority Exclusion indoors Construction - Dissertation ExampleThe women contribute about 49% to the labor force of the United Kingdom. save they constitute just 9% to the entirelabor force employed in the expression application. The fragment by part figures of this small number of women participating in the construction industry reveal most further positions. A tenth of all these women working in the construction industry is in introduction and management and a hundredth works as a tradesperson. A vast majority, about 84% work in the secretariat of the construction companies. The other fractions are 2% as sole traders and 4% as micro-enterprises. (Where Have All the Women Gone? n.d) The data shows that majority of the women employed in the construction industry work from office (Byrne, Clarke, & Meer, 2005). Similar is the case for racial discrimination. In the USA in 1991 only 32700 Afro-American people worked in the construction industry out of the occur 4.7 million people employed. 1n 1977 out of the total revenue of $73.87 churned out by the construction industry, the black construction firms accounted for a mere $758 million. Studies carried out in Atlanta, Chicago, San Francisco, Seattle and elsewhere have confirmed the existence of wide racial discrimination in the construction industry. (A Croson to Bear, 1992) in that respect has been increased participation of the ethnically minor groups and women in the entire labor force. This can be accounted to the fact that there has been an increase in consciousness regarding this and policy, changes to encourage their participation. The European Union has undertaken a policy to thrash this segregation of the labor market. However, the representation of the aforementioned groups in the skilled construction group has been dismal. More or less in every part of Europe, this discrimination exists irrespective of the nature or structure of the construction industry. The incidence of such discrimination can be experienced in the deregulated industry Italy and Spain as intimately as the regulated and training oriented industries of England and Denmark.

Accident Victim Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accident Victim Interview - bear witness Exampleample are respiratory disorders that are ailments allied to inhaling lethal biological chemicals, agents, gases, dust, fume or vapors at work(Reese 2008). opposites include disorders contracted from poisoning by non standard dilutions of unhealthful matters in blood, separate bodily fluids, other tissues or the inhalation that are triggered by the absorption or ingestion of toxic bodies into the human body. This paper will illustrate an interview with a victim of an occupational illness.On celestial latitude 20, 2011, about 1156 p.m., Graham John sustained serious, but non-fatal, injuries to his blazonry and legs when he was transporting coal. This took pose when an eastbound transportation coal train consisting of 2 locomotives and 100 cars laden with coal, unsettled the lead 22 automobiles at signpost 12.9 on the Old Main Line Section in Ellicott City, Maryland. Seven of the 22 tumbled into an open bay area 15 feet beneath track level at the northern side. Other laden coal cars engaged in the derailment upended, dribbling their matter alongside the northern side of the flight of stairs (Reese 2008).The nature of his injuries with disabling condition included a sprained back, several cuts on some fingers and the arms, and a modest leg. The sprained back and broken leg was a result of the motion impacted when the derailment occurred, while the laceration on the fingers and the arms was due to the broken glasses shattered all round (Reese 2008).Grahams injuries made him subject a leave of absence from work for about two months. During the two months, Graham underwent a replacement process for one month to aid him with the treatment and recovery from the ordeal. Some of the activities he undertook included therapist sessions and exercise sessions for the sprained back and the broken leg (Reese 2008).In conclusion, OSHA has standards that define certain types of accidents that should be reported to OSHA wi thin 8 hours of their occurrence. They include all work fatalities, all cases

My Cyber Identity-Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Cyber Identity-Blog - Essay ExampleEdelson (2005) describes it in simple words as just a browser interface to web site publishing. Blogs are used by different sections of the society for different purposes. trance the perceived benefits are many, so are the threats and risks to the society and its people.Mehan (2006) refers to the blogsphere world as colorful and varied as the animal world. There is an evolutionary struggle for supremacy amongst bloggers. A blog is ranked by the fleck of offs it receives and the number of outbound link that it has. Mehan clarifies that there are all levels of bloggers ranging from those that have entered the world of bloggers and up to the intro fathers. To some blogging is merely a hobby but for many blogging can translate into very gigantic business. There are some who blog almost everyday and they are able to attract advertisers or even product endorsement offers. There are different sites that offer tools to assist in meaningful bloggin g. For instance, Site Meter offers a free, basic hit count and link log in sub for posting a logo-link to their website. And if this was non enough, there are software tools that boost the blogs hit count. There is also an exchange program where people surf other blogs in exchange for others visit their blogs. It is now a part of the elite culture followed by the upper middle class to exhibit blogs. This is evident from the fact that many corporations have their own blogs. The marketing departments benefit too from such blogs.Rauchway (2007) reports in The New Republic that blogging have helped to marginalize scholarly Internet discourse. Blogging has helped a doctoral candidate Scott Eric Kaufman, to shoot for himself a much higher profile. When he posted a chapter of his dissertation and sought advice, he acquire 66 commentaries from people of different disciplines. Blogging produces a truly better debate, opines another blogger but its practitioners do not

Operations Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operations Management - Term Paper employmentThe come with also offers consulting services for its customers, helping them understand the best applications for which the hardware and the software provision by the company can be put into by customer organizations. The company was established in 1911, by means of a merger of three technology companies, and follow its current name in 1924. In the stratum 2011, the company was ranked as the 7th most profitable company in the US, organism the 18th largest company of the US (Walters, 2011). On the global chart, the company is ranked the 31st largest company of the year 2011. Therefore, International Business Machine Company is a force to reckon with in the global force field that has curved a competitive edge in the technology industry, which many other companies have not been able. The history of IBM dates defend in the 1880s, where the company manufactured a range of machinery such as measure machines, meat slicers, time keepers, under the name of Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (CTR), which later changed to the present twenty-four hour period IBM (Buck, 2006). The company diversified its production activities to include computer components later, to extend the risks of business failure and low lucrativeness associated with specializing in a single product line for a business. The organizational culture of the company was effectively established in 1914 by the president of the company, who required that the organization focus on the customer as the key to the success of the company. Employee motivation, participation in business decision-making and in running the affairs of the company dates back then. This culture of the company has been maintained to date. This culture was entrenched in the organization through hiring a handicapped worker in 1914 and establishing employee education department in 1916 (Walters, 2011). These occurrences were meant to base the success of the company on the bli ss and professionalism of the employee, who would then serve the companys customer with diligence. Due to the high rate of growth that the company was experiencing, including geographical expansion to other countries in Europe, the name of the company was found to be too hold in (Benjamin, 2010). Consequently, the company sought to change its name, adopting its present name from the CTRs Canadian publication in 1924, a name meant to reflect the companys mission and aspirations (Doug, 2008). To reduce costs and improve shareholders value, IBM has adopted a supply reach that enables it to bring better and cheaper products in the market. Such areas covered by the supply chain include product development, procurement, supply chain planning and logistics (Buck, 2006). The company collaborates with trading partners to reduce the costs of surgical operation and improve its revenue growth, through negotiating with its suppliers for cheaper supplies, which it procures in bulk. As an eleme nt of its supply chain management, the company has adopted business process outsourcing, allowing it to have its services run by other agencies such as PWC. This contributes to working(a) efficiency and financial gains for the company. The company does the

Benefits of Social Media to an Airport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Benefits of Social Media to an Airport - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that societal media provides a platform where the users share what is in their mind palliately and crimson engage in debates and knowl skirt exchange. Having airports being on complaisant media will therefore mean that the users of the different social media who will imagine the business page will be able to freely air their comments, grievances and views about the airport. This therefore provides free branding exercise and ideas for the airport. It is also ensure that the airport continues to improve their business and venture by playing on the advice and criticism they are being given. This will also provide a competitive edge over the other airports that are not in the social media in terms of ideas, products, services and even further market venturing techniques including marketing strategies to attract investors, donors and more customers.This paper makes a conclusion that according to the flight path Social Media Outlook Report of 2012 which surveyed 55 airports, it is evident that the airports spend very few hours on social media (hence missing out on the benefits mentioned in a higher place or failing to reap all the benefits), they also divvy up very little of their budget to social media spending annually, the airports just use the social media for branding and customer service and minimal marketing. Based on the major benefits provided above and even those that are termed as similarly minor and have not been discussed above, the airports management and administration in general should consider changing the above survey to make a difference to their business organization.

Ethics and Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and Economics - Assignment standardThough there were several reasons for the occurrence of the incident the root cause would be the escalating avariciousness among the throng who are in power. The top executives of the investment financess banks and other pecuniary institutions had repeatedly promised that the companies were stable financially (Fox, 2009). The main problems that the coupled States faced was the decline in the standard of the financial health, liquidity crunch and also the increasing nitty-gritty of leverage in forms of home loan mortgage, the collateralized form of debt obligations, the freeze in the credit marketplaces as salubrious as the credit default swaps. On the 15th September 2009, Lehman Brothers reported their situation of bankruptcy to the US regulatory and compliance officials. The consequences of this were the immediate latch on of the investor confidence in the bank line markets and the collapse of the securities market. This had its eff ect on the investors of the entire world and thus the financial condition of the entire world worsened. Background of the Event The collapse of the Lehman Brothers started with the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act in the legislature in Washington D.C. The legislation arrested the unhealthy rivalry among the investment banker and the commercial banks of the United States. The act also enabled each of the sectors of the industry to focus on their activities (Sloan and Boyd, 2008). When the Act was enforced in the US economy, the Lehman Brothers became leading player in the field of living accommodations market. The US housing market bubble followed this incident between the years 2006 and 2008 and the comp all earned a lot of profit from the housing mortgage business. The stock prices of the company also showed an upward trend and had a record market capitalization figure. However, the burst of the housing market bubble was waiting. March 2007 witnessed a sudden decline in the stoc k markets and the defaults on the mortgage lending rose exceptionally high. A large number of hedge funds experienced loss due to the event. The company took various steps relating to investments in mortgage backed assets which were non conducive to the company as well as the investors. It did not bring into public notice the damage steps that it took and the bleak circumstances it was heading towards. The calculatingly company made manipulation in its financial statements made false claims to the public. The accounting software that the company had been using could misrepresent the actual data and ensure the procedure of accounting and it took place in legal terms and so it did not face any compliance problem. This continued till September 2008 when the company announced its financial distress because internally the basics of the company had been destroyed completely. These series of incidents led to the Financial Crisis that the entire world witnessed. Ethical Issues behind the expose of the Lehman Brothers The collapse of the Lehman Brothers occurred due to a plethora of ethical issues on part of the top executives of the company. From the video it is expire that there were unethical moves on part of the executives who had led to the incident (Romereports, 2009). Michel Camdessus, the former MD of the IMF, claims that extreme greed of the top executives of the company for money has led to such an unfortunate incident. It was the result of the wrong steps that a number of people took. However, there are mainly three aspects to it. First of all, the CEO of Lehman Brothers, Richard Fuld, had repeatedly be about the activities of the company. He believed in the business model in which aggressive leverage of the securities had to be undertaken which undefended the business to a lot of risks. The CEO should have adopted an alternative

Ethical Case Scenario Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

estimable Case Scenario Development - Assignment ExampleThis will champion me to generate the much needed acquaintance I whitethorn require in order to complete this assignment. Again this is a good finale since it would improve my knowledge.However, recommending the board to undertake the project fully knowing that it is not feasible is unethical. Whilst I may pretend that all is well, my conscience would tell me that I have done something wrong. In the event that something goes abominably wrong during or after the project after I have indicated that all is well, I would be guilty of lying. I would have put myself in a tight corner where I would be forced to lie. Lying is unethical therefore it is always good to be truthful every time. As noted, lying is bad. The other option is to write a negative report without stating the reasons. This action is likely to shell anxiety among the board members. Writing a negative report is a good thing since it would help the management to re view the whole scenario. In any case, this will help them to make informed decisions whether to drop dead with the project or

Democracy and Citizenship Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Democracy and Citizenship - Term Paper ExampleHowever, in order to qualify and verify this prior belief, this paper would first rise to provide a definition of deliberative democracy, as nearly as expound on what this may imply in todays American society. Then, I would try to apply such definition of deliberative democracy on what I believe in and on what I stand for, for me to be able to accurately identify on whether my actions and my beliefs can be place with that of a deliberative democrat. Fin exclusivelyy, after such assessment, at the end of the paper, I would summarize the main arguments, and would critically reflect on deliberative democracy with respect to the evidences that I presented earlier in the paper, as well as from scholarly academic resources. A Definition of Deliberative Democracy A lot of bulk may ask, especially the ones who are not very well-acquainted with semipolitical science, on what deliberative democracy is all about. Given the fact that the virid ity sense political landscape on the United States, especially from a laymans view, is dominated by the belief that the United States has one of the best models of democracy, and that major political parties only consist of the Republicans and the Democrats, a public meaning of deliberative democracy may be seen as obscure, or even unknown to many. ... paradox in the genuineness of democracy, given the fact that, as Rousseau argues, there is actually a gap between the will of all and the general will (Benhabib 28) in this case, man the will of all represent what specific individuals under concrete circumstances believe to be in their best interest, it is not necessarily equal to the general will that represents what they would believe to be in their embodied interest if they were properly enlightened (Benhabib 28). Therefore, the vote of the slew, which represents the will of all, may not necessarily represent the general will, which rationally answers the best interest of the people when collectively taken into consideration (Benhabib 29). In this case, Benhabib actually argues that deliberative democracy is the answer to such paradox, in which she defines deliberative democracy as a model wherein legitimacy and reasonableness can be attained with regard to collective decisiveness making processes in a polity if and only if the institutions of this polity and their interlocking relationship are so arranged that what is considered in the common interest of all (in Rousseaus term, the general will) results from processes of collective deliberation conducted rationally and fairly among necessitous and equal individuals. The more collective decision making processes approximate this model, the more the presumption of their legitimacy and rationality increases. (Benhabib 30-31). From such definition of deliberative democracy, we can see that this kind of democracy actually claims that collective decision making through deliberation is the most effective way of reaching the general will of the people (over the method of voting, which only reaches the will of all), making it

Commodity Trade Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Commodity Trade Questions - Essay typefaceThe regulations were set at 40%. GAFTA is the only agreement that comprises of all the Arab states coming together to agree on trade relations. It was also guided by politic institutions which include the Gulf Cooperative Council and Arab League. It removes several walls that would pull in prevented an easy flow of trade which include the tariffs, monetary, administrative and NTBS. It has well defined rules from the routes of these communities. Benefits With this agreement, All the member states ar expected to expand their intra-regional trade. Production is bound to increase since his agreement will encourage exploitation of relative advantage and scale economies. With an increase in competition in the mart, there will be a choice for consumers as companies ar going to struggle and venture in other form of producing contrastive products. Rules and regulations of trade will improve as import prices are going to go down. With GAFTA in ef fect, regional development is going to be noticed drastically. Question 2 How to reduce the risk for global goodness principal Since there is high profit expected in any global goodness trade, the risks are also high. According to (Williams, 1999), when one is twisty in commodity trading, he is bound to lose to a greater extent cash than what he takes to the bank. Always have a strategy to control some risks. If you have a valid risk plan, it will warn you when to indulge in the risk or run away. A global commodity trader should interpret all the risks involved in a pipeline share so that he does not get confused in the time of when to stay put or to run. Every commodity global trader should have established a specific price so as to prevent losses unlike when he does not have a stop price. If this trader has a stop price he is more likely to manage his losses and vice Versa. Risks ascribable to language barriers can be solved with the presence of an interpreter or trading in the market where there is a language spoken in common. The trader should always make sure that he is trading with registered and incensed traders. He should upgrade his license every time it is required of him to keep off problems that whitethorn arise from it. It is up to the seller to determine where to deliver his goods. The place of trade should be a unruffled place free from war. He should be positively confident that the coun elbow grease he is trading in has a foreign currency. It is up to the seller to have the right quality and quantity of goods needed in the market foe efficiency. He should also learn about the markets he is involved in and try to understand them fully. This includes their terms and conditions. He should understand the culture of the particular people he is trading with and should avoid all corrupt deals as they are likely to backfire. Learn about all the governments you are involved in during trade and know their capabilities of them paying their debts . There are other markets that a global commodity trader can consider. According to (Cark, Lesourd, & Thieblemont, 2001) trading of commodities, markets may be physical or derivative. Question 3 What do the following ICC Inco terms stand for? According to (Moens & Gillis, 1998) EXW this Inco term stands for EX Works/Ex factory. When doing business under the influence of this policy, the seller is supposed to make the products available to the buyer at the sellers business premise. It is up to the buyer to collect it. WWD Weather Working Days. This means

Speech - The Meaning of Life Essay Example for Free

Speech The Meaning of Life EssayIs human vivification just a dream, from which we never really awake, as some great thinkers claim? Are we subaquatic by our feelings, by our loves and hates, by our ideas of good, bad, beautiful, and awful? Are we incapable of admiting beyond those ideas and feelings? Is the reality we know a reality imposed to us by nature? Are the reality and the gist of livelihood a creation of men, such as music, or love or colors?When I count the short duration of my life, swallowed up in the eternity that lies before and after it, when I consider the lowly space I fill and I see, engulfed in the infinite immensity of spaces of which I am unaware, I rest frightened, and astonished, for there is no reason why I should be here rather than there. Who has throw off me here? By whose order and direction have this place and time have been ascribed to me? Love gives meaning to our lives as do friendship, or art or faith in God.These are factors of true ha ppiness, of inside(a) peace, of feelings of harmony, allowing meaning to our existence. But there is the other side. There is the cruelty of life, the pain, the evil, not to talk of death. When the Tsimtsum sank, not altogether was Pi shoved face to face with the unknown, but he also lost his family, the core of his human context. Instead, he had to try to survive. Life of Pi is a story about struggling to survive through plain insurmountable odds. Throughout the novel, characters are seeking the meaning of life.Pi abandons his lifelong vegetarianism and eats fish to stomach himself. Orange Juice, the peaceful orangutan, fights ferociously against the hyena. Even the severely wounded zebra battles to stay alive his slow, painful argue vividly illustrates the sheer strength of his life force. As Martel makes clear in his novel, living creatures will oftentimes do extraordinary, unexpected, and sometimes heroic things to survive. However, they will also do shameful and barbaric t hings if pressed. Exactly interchangeable humans.It is between these pendulums the positive, the one that gives happiness and meaning, and the negative that our lives are lived. And when we meditate about all that, we arrive at a diverse and disagreeing set of thoughts about the meaning and purpose of life. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your time and attention. I anticipate I have clarified the thoughts of some, to be aware of the vast world we live in and the astound beings we truly are. Speak to others of your thoughts and knowledge I am sure they will be willing to listen.

The domestic reforms of Alexander II Essay Example for Free

The domestic put rights of Alexander II EssayDuring Alexander IIs time on the throne he introduced many reforms that switch overd the face of Russia. Some historians repugn that the Tsar wanted to prevent more drastic change and protect the autarchy, for example the master(prenominal)(prenominal) reform that the Tsar is remembered for, is the emancipation of the surfs. This can be seen as the single greatest liberating measure in the bill of Europe and it also gave motivation to further reforms. However Alexander made a lecturing truism It is better to abolish serfdom from above then to wait for the time when it begins to abolish itself from below this speech starts to question why the Tsar was really instigating the reforms, it shows that he was very aware of the ol particularory propertying of unrest among the peasants, and as they made up 80% of the Russian population, the Tsar felt it would be wise to improve their feature and as a result this would strengthen Russia a s a whole. This can therefore be seen as an act of the Tsar to keep control of his country and his seat in power.For that reason I feel that this shows that the main intention of this reform was to prevent any ingrained changes. Another reason why I feel that the emancipation of surfs was intentional with the Tsars interest and fears of revolution at heart was when the serfs were freed, their landlords were given compensation for the deviation of their land from the state. However the peasants were then forced to the make redemption payments to the Obshchina (community/village) over 49 years. In fact the peasants ended up with around 1/5 slight land than before, due to the fact that they instantaneously had to pay for it. This showed that the Tsar did not create the reform solely for his people he created it to help his thriftiness and to prevent any radical change that may have been caused by an economic ruin.However about people argue that this was not his main intensio n in all reforms. For example they feel that the armed forces reforms were beneficial for the country, as it would help Russia defend itself. The Tsar divided the empire into different military districts separately able to make its mobilisation more efficient. I feel that this was not a defence against radical change but in response to the resounding defeat suffered by Russia in the Crimean War (1856), and to an sense of military advances implemented in other European countries.I also see the new discriminatory system that he created as a not have the prevention of change as its main intention, as I feel that it was very important for the surfs to be seek fairly which meant there was less corruption in the state. However some may see this reform as being unlawful of having an underlying feeling that the Tsar was creating it so that the people were happy as they were now being tried fairly, therefore trying to prevent drastic change.However I feel that it is unfair to completel y rouse emancipation as some see it not as a reform that focused the Tsars sole desire to prevent any drastic change but as a reform that was intentional to give freedom to a class that had before been denied any form of independence, to me this shows that not all reforms were designed by the Tsar to prevent drastic change.In conclusion I feel that Alexander IIs main intension in all of the reforms was to prevent more drastic change in Russia, as I feel that each of the reforms that he created have and underlying feeling that each was designed so that the autocracy benefited from it in some way, or so that there wouldnt be anything that could lead to any radical change like an revolution of some kind.

Important actors Essay Example for Free

Important fakers EssayThe study of instauration-wide relations has paved the way for the inclusion of important actors that contribute to the overall functions of form in the worldwide bena. In the move of time, actors involve in the practice has constantly been increasing due to the expansion of practice and scope in the area. Thus, there is a need to look into these actors and carefully assess their capabilities in promoting interests in the outside(a) arena. One important actor in international relations is the put up. The capability of course of action by the situate to formally promote relations with former(a) actors circumvents primarily on its capabilities to function as one. consort to (Williams, 2005, p. 2) the contemporary nation-state is characterized by jurisdiction over territory, a political and administrative apparatus and the state recognizes no higher constitutional authority than itself. Besides states, there are also other actors involve in the pr actice of international relations. Examples are individual actors, organizations, agencies and groups who also can help promote the functions of a state or the whole.According to (Williams, 2005, p. 2) because individuals, groups and organizations acting in the name of the state are also sensitive to pressures and constraints other than international ones, including elite maintenance, electoral politics, public opinion, pressure group activities, ideological preferences, and bureaucratic politics. In the course of history, there also had been developments in the international arena that paved the way for the emergence of transnational actors. Examples of these actors are transnational corporations and non-governmental organizations.They seek to promote the overall endeavors in the international arena. At the same time, as the world becomes more globalized, the tendency is there is a deeper avenue for them to promote their interests in the international arena. In the course of histo ry, there had been tendencies of shifting of actor concentration in the international arena. That is why it is good to compare and phone line each actors importance in the practice of international relations. Looking at it, actors in international relations are primarily concerned in promoting their own interests.These interests are beneficial in the overall aim of the actor for its continued growth and sustenance. Looking at the plosive consonant of view of interests, there are differences present between disparate actors in the international arena. A state may pursue its interest based on its overall welfare and capabilities. On the other hand, it may be different among other actors in international arena. An NGO may promote its interests founded on the shelter of its ideology and welfare of its aim.Also, for transnational corporation, they seek to promote interests that are centered in creating benefits that would enhance their condition in the international arena. With reg ards to relationship between nations, actors in international relations seek different mechanisms that will create an enhanced cooperation among different actors depending on the issue and interests being talked about. In addition, there has been an expansion of different theoretical paradigms to explain and argue on how actors affect different issues in the international arena.Thus, actors contribute greatly to the practice of international relations. There had been different theories and paradigms to suggest how these actors contribute to the overall process in the international arena. Lastly, these actors are primarily motivated due to their individual interests that motivate them to act accordingly.Work Cited T. L Williams. Actors in International Relations. 2005 accessed December 11, 2007 from http//209. 85. 175. 104/search? q=cacheI3UEDQx9zakJwww. wadsworthmedia. com/marketing/sample_chapters/0534631894. pdf+actors+in+international+relationshl=tlct=clnkcd=1gl=ph.

The Execution of the Rosenbergs Essay Example for Free

The exertion of the Rosenbergs EssayDuring the Cold state of state of war, the Statesns lived in a society where the tension between the Soviet confederation was at its peak in history. It was a prison term when the hatred against communism and the idea of nationalism were growing exp one and only(a)nti solelyy. Meanwhile, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested for the accusations of back up the Soviets create the nuclear bombard, which was the United States only advantage over the Soviets. Their arrest heretoforetually led to the get under ones skin-go ever execution of espionage in United States history. However, the excuse of their execution is still being debated to this day.Did the Rosenbergs deserve frequently(prenominal) a harsh sentence or was it a misjudgment driven by the fear of communism? The organisational and fond aspects of society certainly directed the fear of communism to overshadow the innocence of the Rosenbergs, making them the closely co ntroversial spies in American history. During World War II, mevery countries including the Soviet nub were skeptical round the existence of the atomic bomb. However, afterward the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the strength of the atomic bomb became well-known. It was clear that as presbyopic as the United States had this weapon, no country would challenge them.This weapon was one of the few advantages the United States had against the Soviet Union going into the Cold War. It was as if the atomic bombs were the United States shield and armor against the Soviet Unions attacks. Meanwhile, the strength of communism was steadily rising in Eastern Europe and along with that, the Americans fear of communism was growing in parallel. Communists were demonized demons had no souls no love in their hearts (Garber/Walkowitz 25).The office called for the blueprint of the atomic bomb to be safely put a manner from the communists. The U. S. overnment feared that the Soviet spies might g et their hands on the secret information. However, it was only a matter of time that the Soviet Union would someways develop its own atomic bomb Eventually on August 29th 1949, news was inform that the Soviets hurt successfully tested an atomic bomb in Kazakhstan. Americans were shocked, furious, and frightened. When news came that the Soviets tested a bomb, long time before it was expected, there were indeed many demagogic calls, in the media and on the stump, to see and severely punish, nonetheless coiffe, the thieves, the traitors (Cohen 49).The American people did non stop to think once that the Soviet Union could shit created the atomic bomb with their own power and technology. Most people just assumed that it was done finished a work of spies that sold the secret information for money. Therefore, the government did non waste any time to find the person who was accountable for passing information about the atomic bomb. The growing fear of communism in the end reache d its peak and the government was started taking impressions to pr regulart any acts of espionage. later on months of investigation by the FBI, Julius Rosenberg was called for questioning.He has antecedently been in communist groups and there were confessions from the Soviet spies that he was responsible for sending couriers and information from Los Alamos, where the Manhattan project was run. His wife, Ethel Rosenberg, was not acc determinationd at initiative because there was no consequence of her activity in any ineligible acts. She was only as a full time worker as a secretary and a m opposite of two kids. However, she was later called for questioning when her brother, David Greenglass, was also arrested for espionage. As the investigation went on, the media was starting to heat up and draw national attention to the Rosenbergs.The Rosenbergs were to be remembered the biggest scandal makers in U. S. history. As the fear of the Soviet Union grew after their development of th e atomic bomb, the U. S. government was not going to let the investigation go smoothly. After multiple confessions from Soviet spies that Julius Rosenberg was responsible, he was sent to jail. A few months later, the FBI also arrested Ethel Rosenberg with the idea that she might beget helped out her husband. The Rosenbergs were eventually both arrested and sent to court under mark Kaufman.However, there were not copious evidence going into court that the Rosenbergs were legitimately guilty. No documents linking the Rosenbergs with espionage were produced, despite a thorough search of their plateful by FBI agents, who placed in evidence only a collection can for the Spanish Refugee Appeal, authorise by the City of New York, found in their home (Rosenberg 15). For this reason, the trial took a very long period of time. The only evidences going against the Rosenbergs were that David Greenglass and other Soviet spies induce confessed to the Rosenbergs involvement in espionage.But even if there were any acts of espionage by the Rosenbergs, it was later revealed that none of the information that was passed by Julius Rosenberg was even useful in the development of the atomic bomb. If any information that was passed off was not useful, wherefore punish or even kill that person? The trial was just a vicious circle between a tally of American civilians and a governmental bully that was blinded by war. If there was so much much(prenominal) supporting evidences for the Rosenbergs evidence, why did the United States government kept containing the Rosenbergs? It was all because the U. S. government did not want to front weak in the eyes of the Soviet Union.Neither country wanted to demo any flunk and lose the fight like in a boxing match where neither fighter wants to show their signs of fatigue and injury. Both countries tried to look stronger and richer than the other. In turning down Ethels emotional appeals, Eisenhower said repeatedly that we could not app ear weak (Cohen 50). The Cold War was changing a lot of peoples views. Even President Eisenhowers mentality shows how much he has lost the patience and the value of humankind beings because of the intensity of the war.Eventually on April 4th 1951, the Rosenbergs were sentenced to execution by Judge Kaufman. The final words of Judge Kaufman were cold and unsympathetic. Your crime is worse than murder, for you put into the hands of the Russians the A-bomb years before our best scientists predicted Russia would undefiled the bomb has already caused, in my opinion, the Communist aggression in Korea, with the resultant casualties exceeding 50,000 and who knows moreover what that millions more unimpeachable people may pay the price of your treason. Indeed, by your betrayal, you undoubtedly build altered the rail of history to the disadvantage of our country (Wexley 67).In an important case like this, it is essential for the judge to consume all the evidence that is brought up in th e case, but instead, Judge Kaufman ignored the evidences that supported the Rosenbergs. The judge was under too much control of President Eisenhower and the American government. Also, many believe that blaming the Rosenbergs for the cause and deaths of the Korean War was way over the top. A crime in that type of scale cannot be proven in court, which makes this trial a scandal more than an actual crime.And yet the Judge stated the unverified crime in the final sentence and considered it in the Rosenbergs execution. Judge Kaufman blamed them for the Korean War, and President Eisenhower held them responsible for the slaughter in any possible future nuclear war with the Soviet Union. These extreme accusations were never authenticated and, while there is no law requiring, they should have been (Root 292). There was simply no proof that the Rosenbergs were responsible for all these tragedies. Although they were Americans with communist views, they were only a small percentage of the com munist population in the United States during that time period. Also, the United States being involved in the Korean War was solely the governments decision.Having to say that a future nuclear war is entirely their fault is too much of an overstatement to make on two innocent civilians who were just sentenced to death. Looking back fifty years from now, the media was also very prepossess and reported false information about the Rosenbergs that had significant impact on the ruling of the death sentence. It is imperative that the true facts be known to all. Sadly, the information in the press and other mass media is not the truth, but instead is a distorted, truncated, myopic aberration of our case.It is clear that the primary use being made of our case is to coerce political dissident, and to secure conformity (Rosenberg 132). That was a quote interpreted from an actual letter written by Ethel Rosenberg to her husband right before their execution. Telling from the tone of the letter , the Rosenbergs were despaired from the way the media was reporting false information and making the trial even harder for them. The media has always been an key factor on political and social issues. Because of the growing fear of communism, the media did not want to promote communism and espionage in any way to the public.As a result, the Rosenbergs were once again victims of the biased society and its false reporting media. The media was not the only influence on the social bias against the Rosenbergs. Many books were published to summon up the Americans anger against the Rosenbergs at that time. For example, there was the book, Betrayers the Rosenberg Case a reappraisal of an American crisis and The Rosenberg Case item and Fiction, which was published on the same year of the execution. One of the quotes from the book was Yes.The Rosenbergs case is ended, but the execration that they did is endless ( Fineberg 148). If the evil that they did is endless like the author said in his book, there would certainly have been a nuclear war or a World War III by today, in the year 2008. However, that is not the case. The Soviet Union was surely to develop the atomic bomb with its own resources and power but all the blame went to the Rosenbergs in this state of affairs. The Rosenbergs were though not all alone through the fight in trial and against the coercion by the politicians.Soon after the death sentence by Judge Kaufman, countries all over the world balked the sentence. Seemingly overnight, the whole world rose in protest against the death sentences that had been imposed on Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. By then end of the year, there were pro-Rosenberg committees in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Ireland, Israel, and of course- Eastern Europe. ( Radosh/Milton 347) virile leaders were forming organizations and committees to convince the United States to set the Rosenbergs free.Also, there were famous individuals who were prote sting against the death sentence. Even the chief(prenominal) manufacturing business of the atomic bomb, Albert Einstein, believed that the United States government was killing innocent lives in the fight against the Soviet Union. An appeal for decision maker clemency was sent to the White house, supported by many prominent Americans, including scientist Albert Einstein, Dr. Harold C. Urey and more than 3,000 clergymen of 26 denominations (Rosenberg 18). This would have had significant support for the Rosenbergs in trial but the media was once again preventing it from happening.These protests were not broadcasted to the public because of the biased media. However, the protests did not end there. Millions of petitions from all over the world were being sent to the White house. The world believed that the Rosenbergs should not end up being political victims of the meaningless war. Millions of people view the refusal of the courts to grant the Rosenbergs relief as an affirmation of ou r insistence after nearly two years in the death hours that we are political victims of the Cold War (Rosenberg 126).Despite all these protests and petitions, the government stuck to their belief that the Rosenbergs deserved the death sentence. But why were the allies of the United States protesting against the United States? Why was the United States not listening to anyone but themselves? Once again, the political leaders of the United States were too blinded by their focus to win the Cold War against the Soviet Union. Realistically, would the Rosenbergs have trustworthy the death sentence if they did not live during the Cold War era?They would have certainly received a much lighter sentence if they lived in todays time period. This was the thought of Dorothy Thompson, a former journalist of Times magazine. Dorothy Thompson has once stated that The death sentence gloomy me in 1944 we were not at war with the Soviet Union. Indeed, it is unlikely that had they ( the Rosenbergs) be en tried in 1944 they would have received any such sentence (Rosenberg 9). 1944 was certainly that time in history where any act of espionage was not forgiven by society. If anyone was suspected to be a spy, they would be immediately called to questioning.Historians refer to this period as almost like the witch hunt era in Salem driven by McCarthyism, a strong idea of anti-communism that was popular at the time. The massive witch hunt eventually led to the Rosenbergs, which shows that the social aspects during the Cold War era had a biased impact on the ruling of the trial. Behind all the accusations, there was an individual who made the scandal even more controversial. His name was Klaus Fuchs and he was one of the main nuclear scientists that developed the atomic bomb during the Manhattan Project.It is still believed to this day that Klaus Fuchs sold important secrets of the atomic bomb to the Soviets for money. Even history books are being written over again about his betrayal. I n England, Klaus Fuchs, the German-born scientist who provided the Soviets with farthest more accurate and useful information on the atomic bomb than anything that might have grapple from the Rosenbergs, got only 14 years (Cohen 48). For someone who obviously provided more information to the Soviet Union, it is certainly not fair that Klaus Fuchs only received 14 years in prison. How did this happen?We can see that Klaus Fuchs was control a lighter sentence because he was trialed in England. Although England was our closest ally, they did not see any excuse that Klaus Fuchs should receive a sentence of anything more than 14 years. Therefore, just because the Rosenbergs were trialed in the United States, they had to end their lives. 14 years in prison and being electrocuted to death is definitely a massive difference one is given a second chance to live and one is put to death. For a certainty, the Rosenbergs would have received a much lighter sentence in England.It is an embarr assment of the court to say that the only justification for Julius and Ethel Rosenbergs death is that they were just at the wrong place at the wrong time. Another huge controversy of the scandal is the death of Ethel Rosenberg. The reason the scandal is called the Rosenbergs Case is because both Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed for being criminate of committing the same crime. However, years after the execution, there were a lot of speculations to why Ethel had to suffer the consequences for something her husband was caught doing.It was later revealed that the FBI was using her as a lever to force Julius Rosenberg to confess to his acts of espionage. Hoovers biographer suggests that the Director now regretted the strategy of using Ethel as a lever to induce Julius to confess, and thought that it would be terrible public relations to execute a mother of two young children (Aiuto 5). It became obvious that Ethel Rosenberg did not commit any crime or spied for the Soviet Unio n. She was only caught up in the accusation because her brother, David Greenglass, and her husband, Julius Rosenberg, were both spies in the past.The FBI saw her as a useful tool to threaten her husband also they arrested her along with him. Because of the FBIs cruel and brainless strategy, a mother of two sons had to rot in jail and die on the electric chair. Julius went to his death pale, shaken, but quietly. Ethels execution was to follow, and she walked calmly to the electric chair, gently kissed one of the prison matrons on the cheek, and was electrocuted. However, Ethel was not dead after the first jolt. She had to be electrocuted a second time (Aiuto 11).According to this article, Ethel had to be electrocuted twice before she was killed. The sarcasm of her second electrocution will forever remembered as a symbolism to her evident innocence. Being the first ones in American history to be executed for espionage, the Rosenbergs did not deserve the death sentence. Although they were communists living in the United States, there was no significant evidence that they were responsible for the Soviet Unions possession of the atomic bomb. They were unfortunate to live in the time period of anti-communism and in the country that was in war with a communist state.In political aspects, the government was only interested in using the Rosenbergs to excite the Soviets and display its strength and power. In social aspects, the media constantly reported false information and the people of America were too biased to believe that the accused communist spies deserved anything less than the death penalty. Many factors vie against the trial of the Rosenbergs that led to the unfair trial of the Rosenbergs case but they will be remembered as those who were innocent victims of the Cold Wars political and social defeciency.

Guitar and Plectrum Instruments Essay Example for Free

Guitar and Plectrum Instruments EssayThe rondalia is an ensemble of stringed instruments played with the plectrum or pick and broadly known as plectrum instruments. It originated in Medieval Spain, especially in Catalunya. Aragon, Murcia, and Valencia. The tradition was later interpreted to Spanish America and elsewhere. The word rondaila is from the Spanish ronda, meaning serenade.The rondalia has its origins in the playing bands from Spain (as well as unexampled Spain, namely Mexico) that were forerunners of the present-day rondalia and included four types groups of young men who played and sang regularly in front of homes, bands of musicians known as murza or murga who begged for alms, a group of musicians known as comparza who played on stage, and groups of university musicians known asestudiantina, dubbed tuna. The usual melodic instruments utilise by estudiantina members were mandolins, violins, guitars, flutes, cellos, basses, tambourines, castanets, and triangles. Es tudiantina musicians in Spain and Mexico, before and during the age of musical romanticism, wore 16th century attire such as shortsighted velvet breeches, ornate shirts and a short cape with multicolored ribbons.Some instruments used for the early rondalia were influenced by the Mozarab musical instruments of the time, including the guitars, flutes and vihuelas. Mandolins, castanets and tambourines were also used and today a full range of instruments can be heard, such as the Mexican vihuela, violins and cellos, marimbas, xylophones, harps, and timbales.Today, rondalias argon more modern and expressive, using lyrics that are vibrant, yet still keep with the traditional theme of wo love and evening serenades. Currently, there are m whatever groups in Spain (such as La Rondalla Sierra Almijara and La Rondalla de la Costera), and Mexico (such as La Rondalla de Saltillo, La Rondalla Voces del Corazon) and United States (La Rondalla del Sagrado Corazon de Richmond) that carry on the t radition.During the Spanish period in the East Indies, the rondalia was brought to the Philippines by the Spaniards. In the early Philippines, certain styles were adopted by the natives, especially guitar and banduria used in the Pandanggo, the Jota, and the Polka. The use of the term comparza was common, however, during the American period in the Philippines, the term rondalia became more used. At present, rondalia, in the Philippines, refers to any group of stringed instruments that are played using the plectrum or pick.The Filipino instruments are made from endemic Philippine wood and the plectrum, or picks, are made from tortoise-shell. Other stringed instruments composing the standard Filipino rondalia are the bandurria, the lad, the octavina, the Twelve-string guitar, the Ukulele, the bajo de uas or double bass, the Guitarrn mexicano, and other Filipino-made instruments modeled and developed by and by the guitar. The Philippine rondalias repertoire include folk songs such as the Balitaw, the Kundiman, the Zarzuela, the Subli, the Harana, the Tinikling, and the Cariosa.

1860 Presidential Election Essay Example for Free

1860 Presidential election Essay all(prenominal) quaternity years, each presidential candidate proclaims that the problems facing the nation this year is graver and more important than any opposite time in the Statesn history. The 1860 Presidential election stands alone as the closely important presidential election in American history because this actually was the case. There direct been other elections that set out been important. If W give upell Wilkie had beaten Franklin Roosevelt in the 1940 election or if Al Gore had beaten George W. Bush in the 2000 election, this world whitethorn have been very different. But that probability was brought to the light months or years after(prenominal) the election was everywhere. The chief difference with the 1860 election was that the country knew that the nomination of each candidate along with who would be elected would have immediate and then long term results for the country.The 1860 presidential election saw four distinct candidates, all trying for the about important office in the land at our most important time. Abraham capital of Nebraska, a republican from Illinois, his rival for the 1856 senate race, Stephen A. Douglas representing the Northern Democrats and also from Illinois, John Bell, a shapingal unionist and John Breckenridge a secern Democrat were all in the race. The particular that the Democrats had split over the get laid of bondage, forcing members to walk out of two Democrat conventions forced the political party to have to send two different candidates and thus, increase the contingencys that the election would go to Lincoln. The nomination of Abraham Lincoln for the Republican ticket was unsure from the start and sluice Lincoln assured himself that he would lose.In the bestselling nurse Team of Rivals, Doris Kearns Goodwin details in fascinating fashion, the number of more qualified, more educated and possessing more resources, fought for their nomination for president. But Lincoln was chosen because he was a moderate on the number one issue of the day slaveholding. I have no purpose, instantaneously or indirectly, to interfere with slaveholding in the States where it exists, said Lincoln early in the conflict.1 Seward and Chase, two of the others who brought tilt to the field, were seen as either too perfect or apathetic towards the issue of slaveholding and made their peevishness kn cause. While Seward was taking a European tour, Lincoln was meeting and greeting the peck. His attendance and speech at New Yorks Cooper joint in 1860, solidified him as a man of the people.The democratic Nomination was complicated as wellspring. The parliamentary company was split over the issue of thraldom in the same way the country was. At their convention in April of 1860, fifty Democrats walked out to form their own faction of the party.2 John Breckenridge was nominated by the southerlyern Democrats and Stephen A. Douglass was nominated by the Norther n Democrats. The Democrats met again on June 18 and this time 100 delegates walked out and would non adopt a resolution supporting slavery in the territories.The Northern Democrats nominated for their candidate Stephen A. Douglass, Senator from Illinois. Douglass had been involved in the famous Lincoln Douglass Debates for the senate. In this senate race, Douglass won but in the process, alienated the South by saying that popular sovereignty could prevent slavery from being enacted in the new territories. The South remembered this and would make sure that his answer would come back to resort hotel him in the election. This was a chief motivating factor which caused the split inwardly the Democratic Party, thus loose an advantage to the Republican Party which took advantage of such factions.For years, Democrats had united behind the doctrine of popular sovereignty. It was this fact which helped Douglas get elected to the senate in the 1858 debates with Abraham Lincoln. The idea b ehind this was that slavery deep down a new ground was up the majority of people indoors that state. Popular Sovereignty also promised to keep the future of slavery out of the hands of the politicians in Washington as they were distrusted for the most part by the people within the slave states. On the surface, the idea depended to be a sound and practical compromise to the threat of a cultivatedian war. Most Northern Democrats assumed that slavery would not be allowed to spread into the West out-of-pocket to natural impediments. The climate, terrain and the swift movement of Free State settlers into the West would discourage slaveholders from entering the territories.While Southerners demanded that the Democratic Party come out with a platform that defended slavery, Douglas and his supporters could not agree. Despite the fact that the convention went with 54 ballots, Douglas fai lead to achieve the needed 2/3 vote to receive the nomination of a individual Democratic party. However, once the Southern Democrats walked out of the convention, Douglas did receive the needed 2/3 vote from the delegates that were present.3 provided then was did he receive the nomination of the Northern Democrats. It was a hollow victory. However, his nomination resulted in the change integrity of his party and another candidate would and help to confuse the issue as well as spread out the limited number of electoral votes available.The Republicans, after seeing the problems that had been caused within the Democrats, saw this as an opportunity that they could use to their advantage. They were confident, going into their convention in Chicago, that they had a real chance of winning. The only hesitancy was who was going to be nominated. William Seward was considered the front runner. He was more established, had a classical education, the money and proper connections that prompted the party bosses, at first, to consider him a viable candidate for the nomination. But this al l changed at the convention. Alienated factions seemed to deck up and served as an unmistakable impediment for Seward and his hopes of becoming the Republican nomination for the 1860 Presidential election an occurrence which seemed akin a departed conclusion just six months earlier.Delegates were concerned that Seward was too closely identified with the radical wing of the party. Also, Seward, being deeply religious, saw the issue of slavery as an issue that was above that of the Constitution as he called for a higher law to dictate the end of slavery. 19th century America was a deeply religious age but such beliefs seemed to pull him to the right of center in this regard. Over the years, his angry phrases calling upon a higher law than that of the Constitution that had come from men of independence had alarmed Republicans moderates in the West. This only proved that Lincoln was the man to elect.4Compared to Seward, Lincoln had more of a chance to help invalidate a civil war as he was seen as more of a moderate within the Republican Party on numerous issues that were troubling the country and the Southern states at this time. But this did not being much comfort to the Southern States because the main position that the Republican Party held on slavery was not in doubt.The key to the succeeder of the Republican Party was its position on slavery as well as the fact that the Democrats were now split. The Republican Party opposed the refinement of slavery and many within the party condemned it as an immoral institution. Republicans thought that by limiting its involution would put slavery on the road to eventual extinction. Even though this stance was made public, the Republican base rejected a more radical stance that would have Southerners associate them with the abolitionist cause. So in this fact, Republicans upheld slavery within the states where it already existed. Also, there was a faction of the party which include Lincoln, which was unforced to s upport a Constitutional amendment that would guarantee slavery forever in the hope that a civil war would be avoided.In this fact, Lincolns announcement in September 1862, that he would be issuing an Emancipation Proclamation, came to the shock of his cabinet because it was contrary to what the platform of the Republican Party during the 1860 election.5 Republicans would be free to compromise a great deal with regard to the issue of slavery in order to avoid a civil war and in the process, distance themselves from the abolitionists who were seen as too radical from both the South and even parts of the North. However, as long as the strong Republican base and their beliefs on slavery served as an impediment and a threat to the South and their protection of slavery, either Lincoln or Seward would have garnished a negative response from the Southern States.Since it was essential to carry the West and because Lincoln had a bailiwick reputation from his debates and speeches, most notab ly, the 1858 debates with Stephen A. Douglass, Lincoln won the partys nomination. This is true also because Lincoln was seen as a moderate on the issue of slavery. It would not be until the well-behaved War was well at a lower place way when Lincoln became more certain that slavery must not continue. But at this time, Lincoln had said that he would leave slavery alone if it meant that the Union would be saved and a civil war would be avoided. The party platform states that slavery would not be allowed to spread any further. This was to a great extent unpopular in the South but it was in line with what Lincoln believed. The containment of slavery was the best that the moderates within the Republican Party could hope for while at the same time, avoiding a civil war. Doris Kearns Goodwin, in her book Team of Rivals, spoke to the appeal that Lincoln had among the people and the characteristics that helped Lincoln, an unlikely candidate in many ways, fearless the nomination.Lincoln w as aware that being a man of the people was an advantage, especially in the raw occidental states critical to the election of a Republican candidate Lincoln was astute enough to capitalize upon this invaluable political asset.6 It was also seen that Lincoln was more of a candidate for the people and on the surface, it did not seem that he was as hungry for the office as the others and therefore, would remain true to his own self instead of saying and doing only what was needed in order to get elected. Though Lincoln desired success as fiercely as any of his rivals, he did not allow his quest for office to earn the kindness and open heartedness with which he treated supports and rivals alike, nor alter his steady commitment to the antislavery cause.7 These are the characteristics that helped endeared Lincoln as a man of the people.The campaign was an interesting one that garnished a great deal of interest among the country. The rig from the 1860 election would be one of the high est in history as the country knew all too well, that the results may lead to a civil war. Stephen A. Douglas became the first presidential candidate in history to undertake a nationwide speaking tour something that is now seen as essential in order to win within contemporary candidates. Douglas traveled to the South even though he did not expect to win many votes. He spoke for the maintenance of the Union and would so until the official start of the obliging War.The 1860 Campaign, despite the heraldic bearing of four separate candidates was more organized than the 1856 campaign. In 1856, John C. Freemont, the first Republican candidate, crusaded zealously against slavery and these efforts were then countered with the warnings of civil war. As a result, James Buchanan was elected and did absolutely postal code to either velocity up or curtail the threats towards a civil war. What also helped the chances of the Republicans was the 1857 Supreme Court Decision regarding the Dred Scot t Case. This resulted in a clear advantage in the 1858 general election which gave a commanding lead to the Republicans. By 1860, every observer could see that the Republicans had an almost unbeatable advantage in the Electoral College as well since they dominated every Northern state. This would come to fruition as the number of popular votes that Douglas got in apprisal to the number of electoral votes he received was far below that of Lincolns.The election was held on November 6, 1860. The famed difference was the exaggerated sectionalism of the vote. In nine southern states, Lincolns name did not even appear on any of the ballots. Also, the importance of the Electoral College would be as important as any other election history, second only to the 2000 election. Due to the fact that there were four candidates, it would be unlikely that any one candidate would receive the popular majority. While Lincoln only captured 40% of the vote, the division of the Electoral College allowed him to capture 17 states plus four electoral votes from the state of New tee shirt to receive a total of 180 electoral votes and the win. Although the three-way split among the non Republicans complicated the issue, Lincoln would have still won the election because he won the majority of the electoral vote. Lincoln also won a popular majority in every state that cast its electoral votes for Lincoln. He stainless the campaign with 1,865,908 votes. Douglas finished second with 1,380,202 votes but because of the split in the electoral votes throughout the country, he only received twelve electoral votes, far short of the 152 needed to win.8 He received nine electoral votes from Missouri and three of the seven electoral votes from New Jersey. Bell won Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia while Breckenridge won every slave state except for Missouri.The result of the 1860 election was almost an immediate one. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina voted to succeed from the country. The south ern states had been waiting for an excuse to break away from the country and the election of Lincoln tote up the bill. Stephen A. Douglas threw his support behind Abraham Lincoln and went on a speaking tour to try to see to it a civil war from coming. He died in this process in April of 1861 and neither his efforts, nor the efforts of any single man, could stop what the country knew was about to come. With the succession of South Carolina in December 1860. Not surprisingly, South Carolina acted first. There is nothing in all the dark caves of human passion so cruel and deadly as the offense the South Carolinians profess for the Yankees,9 With the following of twelve more states, the Civil War had become a foregone conclusion. With the attack on Fort Sumter in April of 1865, despite the only casualty being a Union horse, the Civil War had started and only after four years and 620,000 casualties, did the war finally come to and end as did the institution of slavery within the count ry forever.The end of the Civil War also led to the assassination of President Lincoln and his Vice President, Andrew Johnson serving as an impediment to the Reconstruction of the South. The 1860 Presidential Election was one of the most important elections in the countrys history. The main difference with this election over others, was that the entire country knew that the outcome of the election had a direct impact on whether or not there would be a civil war, how the civil war would play out and what would be included in peace. Abraham Lincoln, right before the end of the Civil War, said With malice towards none and charity for all,10 in talking about the need for the North and South to come together as one people again. History knows that the people made the right choice that November day in 1860. And all those that are motivated by his speeches and actions are the benefactors of such wisdom and future generations will continue to do the same.WORKS CITEDBurns, Ken. 1989. The Ci vil War. capital of Massachusetts PBS Video.Burns, Ken. 1992. The Civil War Companion Book. capital of Massachusetts Alfred Knoff PublishersGoodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York Harper collinsMcPherson, James. 1998. Battle Cry of Freedom. London Oxford University Press.1 McPherson, James. 1998. Battle Cry of Freedom. London Oxford University Press.2 Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York Harper collins p. 142.3 Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York Harper Collins p. 1674 Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York Harper Collins5 Burns, Ken. 1989. The Civil War. Boston PBS Video.6 Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York Harper Collins7 Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 2006. Team of Rivals. New York Harper Collins p. 178.8 Burns, Ken. 1992. The Civil War Companion Book. New York Alfred Knoff Publishers9 McPherson, James. 1998. Battle Cry of Freedom. London Oxford University Press. P.64110 Burns, Ken. 1992. The Civil War Com panion Book. Boston Alfred Knoff Publishers p. 321

French Spanish, Polish And Prussian Influence In The American Revolution Essay Example for Free

cut Spanish, ending And Prussian Influence In The American transmutation EssayOn one end of Europe to the other, a simple exactly dangerous anthem that brought a great careen on the face of world history is the vocalise why? Time-honored certainties crumb lead traditional assumptions on the authority of society, the structure of the universe, and so far the very existence of God, were range into question. Dare to know ch wholeenged thinkers and philosophers, just centuries before the wave of alteration took place in different move and phases in Europe and America.This also paved the way for the equal emphasis on practical and theory-based doctrines, which has placed great faith in innovation and a belief that all members of the human run away had a right to share its fruits. Such principles as these, embodying rising visions of human rights and opportunities, would be translated into action before the end of the century.In North America, Englands 13 colonies seve red themselves from the mother country to forge a republic. In 1776, the revolutionaries issued a Declaration of Independence, with a text that rang out with enlightened precepts, ranging from the practical notion of g overning body accountability to the credo that every individual had a natural right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It would expect eight years of fight before the Declaration could be put into practice, and, when it was, the ply relationships within the current state revealed that Enlightenment still had its limitations the lands original inhabitants were being remorselessly driven into the wilderness, slaveholding was legal, and only a small percentage of the male population and none at all of the female enjoyed the right to vote. Nevertheless, the principles of tolerance, self-determination and equal citizenship in a democratic republic had become reality, and the force of these ideas would rise unstoppable.Soon thereafter the Old earthly con cern experienced its have revolutionary upheavals. In 1789, Frances estrange bourgeoisie and downtrodden poor rose up together against their weak but autocratic king. The men who came to power when the monarchy fell were the children of the Enlightenment. They had imbibed the unsentimental rationalism of Voltaire, the broad historical perspectives of Montesquieu, and the passionate social idealism of Jean Jacques Rousseau (The mount of Reason). The bloody course of their Revolution, with its years of terror and turmoil, might have horrified these mentors, but the Revolutions rallying cry of LibertyEquality Fraternity was a triumphant answer to a century of searching and fundamental questions. II. The American Revolution That whenever any form of giving medication becomes destructive of these ends, that is against the certificate of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, it is the right of the people to change or to abolish it and to establish a forward-looking government laying the foundation on such government as to them shall seem most believably to affect their safety and happiness. American Declaration of IndependenceThe signing of the Declaration of Independence as drafted by Thomas Jefferson summed up the spirit of Americas feelings on liberty and equality. It expressed their final take apart to break with Britain and put an end to the long years of rule by a king and fantan thousands of miles away from America. This document united the thirteen colonies of diverse culture, faith, and temperament, uniting them as a new nation. They had go through the Rubicon. We must all hang together or else we will be hanged separately by our enemies, warned benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Philadelphia (J.Foe, C. Parco, and M. Coronado. Revolution in America and France). The Fight for Freedom Americas commencement shots of the revolution were fired in Lexington, Massachusetts. British soldiers had been sent on a secret r caution to celebrate and d estroy rifles that had been collected by the revolutionaries. Warned by patriots such as Paul Revere, colonists fired upon the British troops. The American Revolution had begun. The Americans were up against a military giant, with 50,000 well-trained troops and another 50,000 Americans who wanted to remain British.The British were well-equipped they had brilliant numbers, and had their great navy offshore the colonies. Nevertheless, the inexperienced Americans slew the giant. There were several factors that contributed to their victory. The Americans were adjureing on their own territory for their own survival. The British, on the other hand were not well-motivated to combat, and frequently faced strange and unfriendly territory. The English troops included Hessian mercenaries from Germany, who became attracted to the ideals of freedom and often defected to the Americans.Although the Americans were poorly trained as soldiers, they had much experience handling guns in the wildern ess of America. Further, they were led by a competent and risky leader by the name of George Washington. He stir hope and courage in his men when all seemed to be lost. Although he had never won any battle before the revolution, Washington was a near(a) military strategist. During the war, the British won most of the battles, but Washington made sure the Americans never were on the whole crushed. He only fought the British when the odds were in his favor.He used hit and run manoeuvre against the foes. The red uniform of the British made an easy target of the American snipers. Moreover, the distance between the British forces from their homeland brought communication and supply problems. As one historian noted that every biscuit, man and sluggard required by the British troops in America had to be transported across a immense ocean. The ships were small and cramped and it took at least six weeks to make a one-way trip. To make matters worse, British ships were harassed by pir ates and other enemy ships, like the Dutch and the french.Lastly, and probably the most decisive factor, impertinent the British who fought alone without allies, the Americans were aided secretly at first and then openly by the French, Spanish, and Dutch. different foreign influences on the outcome of the war came from the Polish and Prussians. What began as a struggle for American freedom turned into a multinational war against England. III. Various Foreign Influences A. French Contribution About twenty years prior to the outbreak of the revolution, colonial wars fought in North America which started as wars between despots in Europe.These wars, involving Britain and France among others were the War of the League of Ausburg or the King Williams War, the War of Spanish Succession in 1702-14 was Queen Annes War, and the Seven Years War also known as the French and Indian War (G. Zaide and S. Zaide. The Rise of the coupled States). France and his allies lost heavily on the Frenc h-Indian War, settlementing to the loss of her colonies in the main in North America and India. Economic policies of Britain only ensured to make money out of the New World to add to their home treasury and finance their wars in Europe.They restricted trade and raised taxes against the desires of the native Americans. Although the British won, this exacted a great price. The cost of funding the wars and maintaining such colonies, which caused the British to lay down heavy taxes on its American colonies as their means of support in exchange for their protection, ignited a desire from the colonists to unloosen them from Englands rule. King Louis XVI of France was not personally clement to the cause of the American Revolution. But he held a grudge against the British who robbed him of his Canadian colony.After suffering a disgraceful loss in the France and Indian War, France wanted to shift the balance of power, hoping to remove some of Englands dominance. The philosopher Rousseau alleviateed Franklin lobby the French government to aid the Americans. Therefore France went to war with the Americans to exact revenge on the British Also, many of the French were sympathetic to the Americans. Later in the war, the French gave large numbers of infantry led by General Lafayette, and French warships reached the American revolutionaries.They volunteered their services including Lafayette, as well as give off their financial support for the information of the many inexperienced and beleaguered American army (French Volunteers and Supporters of the American Revolution). In 1780 came the most deprecative help, which was the arrival of French troops in Rhode Island. A year after this resulted to the defeat of the British who were below the command of Cornwallis. American and French troops fighting at each others perspective might have been an odd picture, considering that both parties had been enemies about fifteen years earlier.Frances economic aid became a opera tive instrument for the emergence of America as an independent nation (The French Contribution to the American War of Independence). B. Spanish Contribution That the Spanish fought alongside with Americans in the latters iron out to be free of Britains control is not often taught or largely known by many. The subjects ambiguity extends amongst historians who are not in agreement towards the extent and importance of Spains role for the forging of independence for the colony.According to Samuel Bemis, Spain rejoiced over the fighting by the British and Americans that such a war could result to the dwindling of power for both. Like the French, the Spanish government was far from being inspired by the morals of democracy. It was also poised to seize and regain control of lost territories to England, with the end result of weakening the whole British Empire. But unlike the French, the Spanish support was not impassioned by the oppression felt by the Americans from the British. It could even have felt hostile to the cause, fearing this could spread and inspire its own colonies to revolt.For Bemis, Spains involvement was not a key role for the success of the American Revolution (S. Bemis. The daintiness of the American Revolution). However, this has been challenged by many historians including Thomas Chavez. They believe that Spanish support played a significant role and its effects are far reaching than thought by many (T. Chavez. Spain and the Independence of the United States An Intrinsic Gift). The colonists acknowledged that Spains financial and military contribution helped brought the victory (M. Recio.Exhibit Looks at Spains Influence on American Revolution). C. Polish Contribution Some Polish immigrants played an illustrious military career as they served the Continental Army. Silas Deane and Benjamin Franklins recruitment of Tadeusz Kosciuszko in France, a Polish general and considered by his fellow countrymen as a national hero due to his victory over th e Russian Empire, paved the Polish influence over American independence. Arriving in America in 1776, he served as a colonel of the Continental Army during the revolution.Kosciuszko became an ardent believer of the tenets sited in the Declaration of Independence. This also led him to make effort to meet Thomas Jefferson, the man who penned the Declaration. The meeting created a bond of deep savvy and friendship towards one another. One of his vital contributions was the fortification of Philadelphia. Other ports were constructed under his command which proved critical such as the American retreat from the Battle of Ticonderoga and the battle won at Saratoga in 1777 (Tadeusz Kosciuszko).Another key Polish influence was the nobleman Count Casimir Pulaski. A freedom fighter even in his native land, he fought against Russias control over Poland. Defeated, he left his country to lose captivity, transferred to different parts of Europe and finally came to France. Upon hearing of America ns struggle for independence, Pulaski sought to joint the Americans fight. He volunteered his military service before Deane and Franklin. Later, he received recommendation by Washington for the count to serve as cavalry commander.Later, he served the Continental army as brigadier general and proved his dedication for the cause (AnnMarie Francis Kajencki. Count Casimir Pulaski From Poland to America, a Heros Fight for Liberty). D. Prussian Contribution One of the prominent Prussian influences of the American Revolution was Frederick William Freiherr Von Steuben, who enlisted himself to join the Americans fight against British rule. He gained military training and prominence as he served the Prussians fight during the Seven Years War (or French and Indian War). Proof of his mettle in battle was his lift as aide to Frederick the Great.He met Franklin in France, after which he sailed to America, armed with a letter of entree to George Washington. His major contributions were his intr oduction of European military training and discipline to the unskilled colonist army and transmute it to become more reliable, which lifted up the quality of service among its troops. He made considerable help to Washington in planning strategies and mobilization of the Continental Army. He was hailed as one of the credible heroes of the revolution (Frederick William (Augustus) Freiherr (Baron) Von Steuben Biography, 173094).IV. Conclusion Clearly, without foreign assistance or influence, the American victory would have been impossible. Fortunately for the Americans, this aid came with no strings attached. Neither Spain nor France gained territory for her efforts in this costly war. Ironically though, Frances major assistance to the Americans fight for freedom brought the French government into debt and financial crisis. In fact the war helped destabilize the French nations economy, leading to the French Revolution. It inspired liberalism and brought a wave of change throughout Eur ope.The change it brought was inevitable. Not only did it set aflame the winds of revolution in France but to the American colonies of Spain as well (American Revolution The Complete History 1775-1783). The American success story could not stop the inspiration that a nation can change its own society. It marked a new milestone in the history of democracy. The Americans asserted their right to establish their own government, which sent the waves across the Atlantic and to people everywhere the will of the people should reign supreme in any society.